Caliban in The Tempest Essay - 2851 Words

Caliban in The Tempest ‘The Tempest’ is the magical story of the ship-wrecked inhabitants of an island. It deals with many serious themes such as; nature/nurture, power, magic and treachery but ‘the seriousness is never allowed to cause disquiet in the audience’. Many of these themes are still relevant today. The Tempest is, in effect, ‘a fairytale complete with magical occurrences, suspension of the laws of nature and a happy ending’. Caliban is an interesting an important character in ‘The Tempest’. He brings to the play issues that have a humorous side but are also serious, for example the treatment of inferiors. Prospero’s treatment of Caliban is portrayed as being amusing, with†¦show more content†¦. . thou didst seek to violate the honour of my child.’ Another example of this is, ‘I must eat my dinner’, which shows that the thought that he is hungry has come into his head and he cannot think of anything else. This also proves he is child-like in his thinking. From a director’s point of view, Caliban would be bitter, loud and slow in this scene. He enters saying a curse on Prospero, so he should burst out of his cave shouting these lines at Prospero with real feeling as though he has spent time in his cave thinking about the curse. He would speak in a loud, forceful voice and get into his curse. The audience would probably be shocked, slightly frightened and mildly disgusted with Caliban’s appearance and demeanour. Caliban is used in this scene to raise the issue of the treatment of servants and the master/servant relationship. Although the audience know by know that Caliban tried to rape Miranda, Prospero treats him very harshly which reflects the poor treatment of servants in Prospero’s time. For example, when Prospero tells Caliban to come and chop wood, he replies, ‘There’s wood enough within.’ This shows a sense of bitterness on Caliban’s part, showing that he resents being Prospero’s servant, when he was once master of his own island. In this sceneShow MoreRelated Caliban Portrayed as a Child in The Tempest1901 Words   |  8 PagesCaliban Portrayed as a Child in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Can a grown adult develop and act like a child?   Shakespeaers answer would have been yes.   This fact is depicted through the character of Caliban.   Calibans speech and manners, as well as his thought, all display the very basic reactions and notions of human beings.   He is also controlled by a parent figure who comes in the form of Prospero.   An analysis of Caliban can hold him up to Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development, which focusesRead More The Character of Caliban in The Tempest Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe Character of   Caliban in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Caliban is the only authentic native of what is often called Prosperos Island. However, he is not an indigenous islander, his mother Sycorax was from Argier, and his father Setebos seems to have been a Patagonian deity. Sycorax was exiled from Argier for witch-craft, much like Prospero himself, and Caliban was born on the island. Calibans own understanding of his position is made eloquently plain when we first meet him:    I must eatRead More The Character of Caliban in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1786 Words   |  8 PagesThe Character of Caliban in The Tempest       This thing of darkness, I must acknowledge mine It is impossible to understand The Tempest without first understanding the character of Caliban. Despite numerous novels and poems praising the virtuous, the pure and the good, everyone has within them a darker side of depravity and evil thoughts. This makes us human. What distinguishes between good and bad people, though, is the way in which this alter ego manifests itself to both the rest of mankindRead More Caliban in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1855 Words   |  8 PagesThe Tempest, considered by many to be Shakespeare’s farewell to the theatre, has of all his plays the most remarkable interpretive richness. The exceptional flexibility of Shakespeare’s stage is given particular prominence in The Tempest due to its originality and analytic potential, in particular in the presentation of one of his most renowned and disputed characters, Caliban. Superficially portrayed in the play as a most detestable monster, Ca liban does not evoke much sympathy. However, on furtherRead More The Purpose of Caliban in The Tempest Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe Purpose of Caliban in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the indispensable themes displayed in The Tempest is the duality of nature and society.   This is made apparent through the character of Caliban.   Caliban is a dis-figured fish-like creature that inhabits the island where the play The Tempest, takes place.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Caliban is the son a witch-hag, and the only native on the island.   In Calibans first speech, he suggests that Prospero stole the island from him. (Act 1, Scene 1, lineRead MoreThe Importance Of Caliban In Shakespeares The Tempest761 Words   |  4 Pages† So does Prospero, in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, have a right to enslave Caliban, the probably mentally-impaired son of the witch Sycorax, after Caliban presumably raped Miranda, Prospero’s daughter? Many would say yes, because Prospero ruled the land and held the only prominent voice of government and law. However, if we broaden our view and see Prospero’s true intents and the numerous other actions he could have undertaken rather than enslaving Caliban, we discover Prospero’s illegitimacy to yokeRead More The Oppression of Caliban in The Tempest Essay2573 Words   |  11 PagesThe Oppression of Caliban in The Tempest William Shakespeares, The Tempest, provides insight into the hierarchy of command and servitude by order of nature. This play uses the relationship between its characters to display the control of the conqueror over the conquered. It also shows how society usually places the undesirable members at the bottom of the chain of command, even though they may be entitled to a higher social status. For example, the beginning of the play opens with a sceneRead MoreThe Tempest - Relationship Between Prospero and Caliban1667 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare uses to present the relationship between Prospero and Caliban. ‘The Tempest’ was the last play written by Shakespeare and is widely regarded to be his greatest play. ‘The Tempest’ is thought to have been written about the year 1610. All of Shakespeare’s previously used genres are in the play: romance, tragedy, comedy and history. ‘The Tempest’ adheres to the three classical unities, unity of time, action and place. ‘The Tempest’ takes place in a twenty-four hour time period which abides byRead MoreProsperos Relationship with Caliban and Colonialism in The Tempest1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe relationship between Prospero and Caliban is a perfect demonstration of the dependence relationship between a coloniser and the native of whichever colony he set his eye upon. Colonialism was a subject easily related to by Shakespeares contemporary audience; with James on the throne the British Empire was beginning to thrive and would soon become the largest in not only the 17th Century world, but o ne of the largest in history. At the time The Tempest was first preformed, 1611, Britain hadRead MoreCaliban in The Tempest by William Shakespeare Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesCaliban in The Tempest by William Shakespeare Caliban is very important to The Tempest. He is as a prominent link between the audience and play. Elizabethan theatre was more like a football match that theatre, as we know it today. There were raucous crowds who would have particularly liked having a monster they could jeer at. Therefore Caliban would have been a central character to the lower class character, as they could feel superior to him in a very class determined

The American Of The United States - 817 Words

Induction From before its begins the Untied States has been a nation of immigrants. In 1607 the Virginia company of London sent a 34 Man crew to the new world efforts to find new land. These first ever settlers were the first immigrants to enter the Untied States. Immigrates would continue to flow into the US till the late 1800’s when the first immigration policies were created. The first immigrants to come to the US were seeking economic opportunities. However, because the price of passage was steep, about half or more of the white Europeans who made the voyage did so by becoming servants to large companies. As whites were the first to come to America and continued to be the dominate group this would fuel later issues in immigration. Another group of immigrants who arrived against their will during the colonial period were black slaves from West Africa. The earliest records of slavery in America include a group of approximately 20 Africans who were forced into Jamestown in 1619. By 1680, there were some 7,000 African slaves in the American colonies, a number that ballooned to 700,000 by 1790. Congress outlawed the importation of slaves to the United States as of 1808, but the practice continued. Continuing after the civil war major immigration restated. The United States received around 5 million German immigrants. Many of these new immigrants journeyed to the Midwest to buy farms. In the national census of 2000, more Americans claimed German ancestry than any otherShow MoreRelatedThe American Of The United States778 Words   |  4 PagesInduction From before it begins the Untied States has been a nation of immigrants. In 1607 the Virginia company of London sent a 34 Man crew to the new world efforts to find new land. These first ever settlers were the first immigrants to enter the Untied States. Immigrates would continue to flow into the US till the late 1800’s when the first immigration policies were created. The first immigrants to come to the US were seeking economic opportunities. However, because the price of passage wasRead MoreThe American Of The United States1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is one of the largest countries that are made up of individuals from diverse origins and cultures. In addition, most foreigners from the other parts of the world migrated to the U.S, or become American citizens under different circumstances, especially during the 18th, 19th and the 20th centuries. Black Americans for example, arose in the American culture as a result of the numerous Africans who were being sold to the whites in order for them to work in the cotton and pyrethrumRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrated, women from Central America left their homes to seek employment in the United States for domestic work for a variety of reasons and factors. During the 1960s and 1970s the demographics of migrants from Central America start ed to shift. Originally men were the primary immigrants to migrate to the United States for jobs in agriculture. However, as the openings in the domestic work industry formed, Central American women started to pioneer their own labor migration. An example of this can beRead MoreThe American Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagescentury, the United States government made it their mission to expend from the east coast all the way to the west coast. Unfortunately the lands they wanted to expand into were already claimed by the natives that settled there centuries before. In order to deal with this obstacle, The united states’ government used many strategies to combat what was referred to as the ‘indian problem’ including: confiscating their lands, relocating the to reservations and killing them .The United States went againstRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesWhenever one finds themselves involved in the age-old debat e of whether citizens of the United States, are greedy or generous, their arguments are usually fueled by opinion rather than fact. The fact of the matter is, that citizens of the United States on average are magnanimous people. The evidence to support this claim is that American citizen’s rank 2nd in the world in charity, the fact that most Americans are generous because of their moral and religious upbringings, and that generosity makesRead MoreThe American Of The United States1081 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States has always been a progressive nation from its start in the 1700s and eventual revolution against the British. After a rocky start as an independent nation, the U.S. began to expand create its own laws and ideas of democracy as well as trade throughout the world. Much of this intercultural trading and exploration of Manifest Destiny allowed the U.S. to grow economically, culturally, physically, and politically. Emerging as one of the more powerful nations, t he U.S. became a brightRead MoreThe American Of The United States1022 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. Life in the United States began to return to normal. Soldiers began to come home and find peacetime jobs. Industry stopped producing war equipment and began to produce goods that made peacetime life pleasant. The American economy was stronger than ever. Some major changes began to take place in the American population. Many Americans were not satisfied with their old ways of life. They wanted something better. And many people wereRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American colonies declared themselves independent from on their mother country, Britain, on July 4, 1776, they sought to devise a plan to govern themselves without the constraints that had been imposed on them leading to their detachment. Prominent leaders in the thirteen colonies worked together to strike the perfect b alance between the rights of the federal government and the rights of the states. On June 12, 1776, a committee was formed to put together a document that would bring togetherRead MoreThe American Of The United States1192 Words   |  5 Pagesassociations designed to promote the interests of particular groups—debtors, farmers, artisans, seaman (74)† were emerging throughout the states. In order to get their points across, they frequently resorted to vigilante methods. As soon as the war stopped, trade with the British seemed to start where it left off. British ships clogged American harbors and traders offered Americans low, easy credit. All classes lived in moderate luxury even if they could not afford it. Those still committed to the ideal ofRead MoreThe American Of The United States891 Words   |  4 Pagesjust like Americans seeking a better way to provide for their families. In Cuba, the average rate a day is approximately 466 pesos, and equals about $22 a day in the U.S. (http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=97506) If an American made $22 dollars a day they would certainly consider it to be the complete opposite of rightfulness. Costs are through the roof and owning anything would be out of the question. Although, Cubans are a small percentage of the U.S population they still migrate to the states by the

Elian Gonzalez Essay Research Paper It began free essay sample

Elian Gonzalez Essay, Research Paper It began on Thanksgiving twenty-four hours, in November, 1999, when two fisherman pulled the organic structure of a five twelvemonth old Cuban boy out of the Waterss off the seashore of Florida. The male child was Elian Gonzalez. He was one of three subsisters of a group of Cuban refugees seeking political refuge and freedom from communist Cuba under Fidel Castro # 8217 ; s regulation. Elian # 8217 ; s female parent, Elisabeth Brotons, along with her common-law hubby and nine others, drowned when the boat transporting them to the United States capsized and sank. Elisabeth Broton # 8217 ; s hubby, Lazaro Munero, was seemingly seeking to smuggle his household and the others into the United States, bear downing the others one-thousand dollars for the trip. When the boat took on H2O, two big truck innertubes were used as floatation devices in an effort to stay alive. After more than a twenty-four hours adrift at sea, Elian was found entirely cleaving to one of the innertubes off shore near Fort Lauderdale. He was dehydrated, sun-stricken, and emotionally scarred from watching those around him die in the huge ocean ; but he was alive. Elian was released into the impermanent detention of his granduncle, Lazaro Gonzalez, after being released from Joe Dimmaggio Children # 8217 ; s Hospital in Hollywood, Florida. Lazaro Gonzalez, along with his girl, Marisleysis Gonzalez, brought Elian to their South Florida place in Miami # 8217 ; s Small Havana subdivision to shelter him from media attending until future agreements affecting his male parent could be made. # 8220 ; God wanted him here for freedom, # 8221 ; said Elian # 8217 ; s second-cousin Marisleysis, # 8220 ; And he # 8217 ; s here and he will acquire it. # 8221 ; Meanwhile back in Cuba, Elian # 8217 ; s natural male parent, Juan Miguel Gonzalez, began bespeaking the return of his boy. He strongly disapproved refuge for his boy and stated that his wants should be respected over that of the Miami comparative # 8217 ; s. Thus begins the bi-cultural, political tug-of-war between a household that is spliting a state and finding the hereafter of a immature male child. Back on December 10, 1999, in Dallas, Texas, a petition for political refuge was made by the lawyers of Elian Gonzalez. In it, they stated that Elian has a # 8220 ; good founded fright of persecution # 8221 ; if returned to communist Cuba. The refuge petition would hopefully vouch the stay of Elian in the United States for a few months until his hearing is complete. # 8220 ; Our apprehension of the jurisprudence is, he should non be removed from this state until he has had a full and just refuge hearing, # 8221 ; Elian lawyer Roger Bernstien said. But Elian # 8217 ; s application for political refuge could non be heard until his admittances application became resolved, which was supposed to be completed on December 23. In Cuba, mass presentations took topographic point in Havana every bit good as 14 other metropoliss demanding the return of Elian to his fatherland and his male parent. Meanwhile, the United States continued to inform Juan Miguel Gonzalez of U.S. in-migration Torahs so that he could seek to repossess his boy. Both federal and international jurisprudence favor the rights of the lasting parent over that of the purposes of the asleep parent or the rights of any other relation. After hebdomads of uncertainness about the destiny of Elian, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, along with Attorney General Janet Reno, ruled that the male child # 8217 ; s father be granted detention and that he be returned to Cuba on Friday, January 14. The INS originally granted impermanent detention of Elian to his granduncle, Lazaro Gonzalez, in Miami until agreements with the male child # 8217 ; s natural male parent, Lazaro Gonzalez # 8217 ; s nephew, could be made. The Miami relations, nevertheless, feel that the kid # 8217 ; s best involvements can merely be met here in the United States and are contending for detention in order to seek refuge for Elian to stay on U.S. dirt. Juan Miguel greatly disapproved of any effort of his Miami relatives to seek refuge saying that they have no claim to detention and that Elian was being # 8220 ; kidnapped # 8221 ; by them. On January 11, 2000, the legal issues affecting Elian Gonzalez became even more complicated when Miami-Dade County Circuit Judge Rosa Rodriguez granted exigency impermanent detention to Lazaro Gonzalez enabling him to get off, overnight, a 2nd petition for refuge on Elian # 8217 ; s behalf. This opinion came merely yearss before Elian # 8217 ; s scheduled return to Cuba. Judge Rodriguez ruled that Elian remain with his Miami relatives until March 6 when the tribunal will hear arguements from Lazaro Gonzalez. Rodriguez felt that Elian would confront # 8220 ; at hand and irreparable injury # 8221 ; if returned to Cuba. She besides included, a # 8220 ; loss of due procedure rights and injury to his physical and mental wellness and emotional well-being. # 8221 ; Judge Rodriguez besides ordered Juan Miguel Gonzalez to look at the March 6 hearing even though he has refused to go to the United States in the yesteryear. The complicating affair is that Judge Rodriguez may non even hold had legal power to govern on the instance. Harmonizing to a 1997 alteration of United States in-migration jurisprudence, a province tribunal is required to have permission of the U.S. lawyer general before interveining in instances affecting kids under INS detention. Since Elian is lawfully still in the detention of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Attorney General Janet Reno may render Rodriguez # 8217 ; s determination nothing and reject the 2nd petition for refuge. If that occurred, so Lazaro Gonzalez would hold had no legal standing to move for Elian. Judge Rosa Rodriguez was besides placed under examination after admiting that a political adviser for Elian # 8217 ; s cause, Armando Gutierrez, was a paid adviser in her 1998 judicial run. Legal experts feel that she should hold disclosed that information beforehand. Others feel that Rodriguez should hold refused the instance wholly. Reguardless, the political firestorm in the tribunals over where Elian belongs was set in gesture. United States Attorney General Janet Reno responded to the household tribunal justice # 8217 ; s opinion by saying that it # 8220 ; has no force or consequence, # 8221 ; and challenged Elian # 8217 ; s lawyers to appeal her opinion to the federal tribunal of entreaties. She besides lifted the Friday, January 14 deadline to let clip for tribunal proceedings ; but did non put a new deadline. Government functionaries besides stressed holding no purpose of forcibly taking Elian. In return, the Miami household # 8217 ; s lawyer, Spencer Eig, filed a federal case on January 19 on behalf of Elian. Legal experts said the opportunities of Elian # 8217 ; s lawyers winning in federal tribunal are slim since affairs of in-migration enforcement are deferred to the lawyer general. Back in the Little Havana subdivision of Miami, where the household of Lazaro Gonzalez lives, public support for Elian to remain grew. The protagonists felt that all they needed was some clip until Congress reconvened on January 24 and considered a particular measure allowing Elian legal position in the United States. The measure would finally take any INS legal power, leting Lazaro Gonzalez to seek detention at the province degree. Both of Florida # 8217 ; s senators, Republican Connie Mack, a protagonist of Elian # 8217 ; s cause, and Democrat Bob Graham, have urged the INS non to move until Congress can take the issue up. Yet particular in-migration measures have merely had a one per centum success rate in the yesteryear. And even if such a measure is passed, it has to be ratified by President Clinton who favors the INS # 8217 ; s determination of returning Elian. Castro # 8217 ; s authorities condemned the opinion while the people of Cuba one time once more protested, mentioning to Cuban refugees in America as animals. A planned trip to the United States from Cuba by Elian # 8217 ; s grandmas took topographic point on January 28 when they met with Janet Reno to discourse a visit with Elian. The meeting eventually took topographic point at the place of Barry University President Sister Jeanne O # 8217 ; Laughlin of Miami. Both sides of the household wanted a impersonal location off from media attending. Sister Jeanne O # 8217 ; Laughlin, who remained a impersonal party on the Elian difference, changed her head in favour of Elian staying in the U.S. after hosting the meeting with the grandmas. She noted feeling fright in the two, while the grandmas stated holding no privateness with the male child and excessively many interuptions. The grandma # 8217 ; s cell phones were even confiscated as a status of the meeting. Because of turning legal concerns, the Miami relatives cancelled a meeting with Attorney General Janet Reno on February 9. Alternatively, Marisleysis Gonzalez and Georgina Cid, both second-cousins to Elian, lobbied on Capital Hill for support of the Elian measure to allow citizenship or lasting residence. March 9, 2000 was the much anticipated day of the month that would find the destiny of Elian Gonzalez. Lazaro Gonzalez and his girl Marisleysis, along with other Miami relations, were eventually back in tribunal to coerce the INS to give Elian a political refuge hearing antecedently denied. This clip the household # 8217 ; s statements were heard at the federal degree and U.S. District Judge K. Michael Moore presided. On this day of the month, no opinion was made and the justice recessed the tribunal without a determination until Tuesday, March 21. In his opinion, Judge Moore steadfastly upheld United States Attorney General Janet Reno # 8217 ; s determination to return Elian to his male parent in Cuba. He dismissed the instance and stated, # 8220 ; Each passing twenty-four hours is another twenty-four hours lost between Juan Miguel and his son. # 8221 ; The Federal Court # 8217 ; s opinion sparked a media craze covering every minute facet of Elian and his Miami relations. By this clip, the intelligence media had been bivouacing out in multitudes outside the Little Havana place of Elian # 8217 ; s relatives questioning everyone from legal experts to child phychiatrists. Marisleysis Gonzalez shocked viewing audiences of CNN # 8217 ; s Talkback Live when she walked across the street of her Miami place to a unrecorded broadcast to react to remarks made by New York head-shrinker Dr. Preston Wiles. Dr. Wiles was one of many head-shrinkers theorizing on the best involvements of Elian and exasperating the household. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s really easy to be outside of a state of affairs and speak non cognizing what this small male child went through, # 8221 ; exasperated Marisleysis. In the yearss to follow, Marisleysis Gonzalez would be admitted to the infirmary for a 2nd clip due to emphasize related unwellnesss. Public support in the Small Havana community grew as demonstrators from the anti-Castro group, the Democracy Movement, linked weaponries and practiced non-violent opposition techniques. Ramon Saul Sanchez, caput of the Democracy Movement, said, # 8220 ; We will non allow Elian # 8217 ; s civil rights be violated # 8230 ; We are non willing to harm anyone, but we are willing to decease to support the constitutional rights of Elian Gonzalez. # 8221 ; After months of declining to come to the United States to decide issues with his boy, Juan Miguel Gonzalez applied for a visa to come and recover Elian. Through his lawyer, Gregory Craig, Juan Miguel arranged to remain in the state until the entreaties procedure is complete. The 11th U.S. Curcuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta has scheduled the instance for May 11. Negotiations between the Miami household and the INS ended with no understanding. INS functionaries wanted a signed statement from Lazaro Gonzalez assuring to manus Elian over if he lost his instance in the entreaties tribunal. Lazaro Gonzalez refused. Alternatively, he pleaded with Juan Miguel to come to Miami to run into with Elian in a household environment. In a statement released, he said, # 8220 ; We appeal to Juan Miguel to come to our place with his married woman and boy and sit with us around the household tabular array. We want no authorities functionaries, no attorneies, and no imperativeness, merely family. # 8221 ; The relations besides said that they were no longer willing to manus over Elian to his male parent but would non defy if the authorities tried to take him from their place. Meanwhile, on Friday, March 31, the Florida House of Representatives passed a declaration that urged the Justice Department to maintain Elian in U.S. detention until he can petition for political refuge, giving the household of Lazaro Gonzalez new hope of deriving detention of Elian and maintaining him here in the United States. One hebdomad subsequently, Juan Miguel Gonzalez arrived at Washington Dulles International Airport with his married woman, Nercy Carmenate Castillo, and boy Hianny. He immediatly met with Attorney General Janet Reno, INS Commissioner Doris Meissner and other functionaries at the Justice Department. During the April 6 meeting, which lasted an hr, Reno was moved by Juan Miguel # 8217 ; s supplication for the return of his boy. This prompted the immediate fashioning of a program to forcibly take detention of Elian. Later, Reno besides repeated an offer made to the household a hebdomad before. The offer gave the Miami household two options ; instantly turn Elian over to his male parent and she will seek to hold them stay in the U.S. while the entreaties procedure over in-migration position and detention continue ; or maintain the male child until federal United States Marshals Services seize him, but there will be no authorities attempt to forestall Juan Miguel and Elian from returning to Cuba before the entreaties procedure is over. Cuban-Americans, whose Numberss reached the 100s outside the Miami place, view the recent determination as an act of treachery by the federal authorities. Many expatriates feel that the victor here is non the American authorities or Elian, but Fidel Castro and his Communist government. Cuban-American Ledia Chavez who supported Lazaro disgustedly stated, # 8220 ; We knew Castro had the power in Cuba, but we didn # 8217 ; T cognize he had it here, too. # 8221 ; Janet Reno sympathized with the community # 8217 ; s feelings in a statement by naming Castro # 8220 ; a dictator from whom 1000s have fled. # 8221 ; Governor Jeb Bush showed his acknowledgment of the emotion by noticing, # 8220 ; I think a batch of people are passionate about this because they have suffered at the custodies of Fidel Castro. # 8221 ; These passions, nevertheless, may be the cause of some political agitation between the Miami-Washington confederation. Experts say that Cuban-Americans in Miami stand to los e some of their lobbying power after holding noteworthy influence over U.S. policy on Cuba. In the yesteryear, Congress tended to look to Cuban-Americans for counsel and leading. As for the governmental facet, Attorney General Janet Reno and Vice President Al Gore are at hazard of losing favour in the eyes of the Miamians. # 8220 ; The political monetary value for Democrats could be a Florida Senate place and Florida # 8217 ; s 25 electoral ballots, # 8221 ; explains associate professor Dario Moreno at Florida International University. Cuban-Americans represent a little part of the electorate, but they vote in big Numberss in provinces that make a difference in close elections. Political experts besides recognition Cuban-Americans with holding changeless and intense lobbying attempts. Democratic presidential campaigner Al Gore, who tends to lose the most from the unrest in Miami, is at hazard of losing much needed support. His positions have seemed contradictory as the Elian saga evolved. First, Gore agreed with the INS determination saying that the struggle should be handled by federal functionaries. Then, fearing worsening support from the Cuban-American community, Al Gore reasserted his disassociation with the Clinton disposal and Attorney General Janet Reno and the INS. Gore now supported Congress to go through a measure sponsored by Senator Bob Graham, Democrat-Florida, that would allow lasting residence position in the United States to Elian, his male parent, step-mother, brother, grandmas, and gramps. However, on April 7 when Gore campaigned in Fort Lauderdale, he remained soundless on the Elian difference and made no mentions at all as to his place on the affair. Alternatively, Gore talked about insurance coverage for preventives and other wellness attenti on issues with the invitation merely assemblage. He besides avoided discoursing the instance by call offing a fund-raiser in Miami. With so many factors involved in the Elian Gonzalez detention difference, it # 8217 ; s hard non to hold an sentiment. Every side has their ain position of what # 8217 ; s right and can endorse up their claims with legitamate and true grounds. Each has protagonists that feel the emotions of the households merely every bit much as the households themselves. But with all the attending over the United States tribunals, authorities functionaries, and Fidel Castro as to who # 8217 ; s making what, when and why, are we losing sight over who is truly of import and what is genuinely at interest? Elian # 8217 ; s life was greatly impacted by the Miami relations after tragically losing his female parent. Now he is at hazard of losing the lone stableness he has known for the past five months, but is that plenty to maintain a male child from his male parent? Either manner, Elian will lose since the opportunities of both sides of the household of all time coming together agian to do some sort understanding are practically zero. Possibly Elian would hold a better life and more chances in the United States, but he would non hold a better life being separated from his male parent. Whatever the result, the peoples of both the United States of America and Cuba will be greatly impacted for old ages to come beca usage of a male child named Elian.It began on Thanksgiving twenty-four hours, in November, 1999, when two fisherman pulled the organic structure of a five twelvemonth old Cuban boy out of the Waterss off the seashore of Florida. The male child was Elian Gonzalez. He was one of three subsisters of a group of Cuban refugees seeking political refuge and freedom from communist Cuba under Fidel Castro’s regulation. Elian’s female parent, Elisabeth Brotons, along with her common-law hubby and nine others, drowned when the boat transporting them to the United States capsized and sank. Elisabeth Broton’s hubby, Lazaro Munero, was seemingly seeking to smuggle his household and the others into the United States, bear downing the others one-thousand dollars for the trip. When the boat took on H2O, two big truck innertubes were used as floatation devices in an effort to stay alive. After more than a twenty-four hours adrift at sea, Elian was found entirely cleaving to one of the innertubes off shore near Fort Lauderdale. He was dehydrated, sun-stricken, and emotionally scarred from watching those around him die in the huge ocean ; but he was alive. Elian was released into the impermanent detention of his granduncle, Lazaro Gonzalez, after being released from Joe Dimmaggio Children # 8217 ; s Hospital in Hollywood, Florida. Lazaro Gonzalez, along with his girl, Marisleysis Gonzalez, brought Elian to their South Florida place in Miami # 8217 ; s Small Havana subdivision to shelter him from media attending until future agreements affecting his male parent could be made. # 8220 ; God wanted him here for freedom, # 8221 ; said Elian # 8217 ; s second-cousin Marisleysis, # 8220 ; And he # 8217 ; s here and he will acquire it. # 8221 ; Meanwhile back in Cuba, Elian # 8217 ; s natural male parent, Juan Miguel Gonzalez, began bespeaking the return of his boy. He strongly disapproved refuge for his boy and stated that his wants should be respected over that of the Miami comparative # 8217 ; s. Thus begins the bi-cultural, political tug-of-war between a household that is spliting a state and finding the hereafter of a immature male child. Back on December 10, 1999, in Dallas, Texas, a petition for political refuge was made by the lawyers of Elian Gonzalez. In it, they stated that Elian has a # 8220 ; good founded fright of persecution # 8221 ; if returned to communist Cuba. The refuge petition would hopefully vouch the stay of Elian in the United States for a few months until his hearing is complete. # 8220 ; Our apprehension of the jurisprudence is, he should non be removed from this state until he has had a full and just refuge hearing, # 8221 ; Elian lawyer Roger Bernstien said. But Elian # 8217 ; s application for political refuge could non be heard until his admittances application became resolved, which was supposed to be completed on December 23. In Cuba, mass presentations took topographic point in Havana every bit good as 14 other metropoliss demanding the return of Elian to his fatherland and his male parent. Meanwhile, the United States continued to inform Juan Miguel Gonzalez of U.S. in-migration Torahs so that he could seek to repossess his boy. Both federal and international jurisprudence favor the rights of the lasting parent over that of the purposes of the asleep parent or the rights of any other relation. After hebdomads of uncertainness about the destiny of Elian, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, along with Attorney General Janet Reno, ruled that the male child # 8217 ; s father be granted detention and that he be returned to Cuba on Friday, January 14. The INS originally granted impermanent detention of Elian to his granduncle, Lazaro Gonzalez, in Miami until agreements with the male child # 8217 ; s natural male parent, Lazaro Gonzalez # 8217 ; s nephew, could be made. The Miami relations, nevertheless, feel that the kid # 8217 ; s best involvements can merely be met here in the United States and are contending for detention in order to seek refuge for Elian to stay on U.S. dirt. Juan Miguel greatly disapproved of any effort of his Miami relatives to seek refuge saying that they have no claim to detention and that Elian was being # 8220 ; kidnapped # 8221 ; by them. On January 11, 2000, the legal issues affecting Elian Gonzalez became even more complicated when Miami-Dade County Circuit Judge Rosa Rodriguez granted exigency impermanent detention to Lazaro Gonzalez enabling him to get off, overnight, a 2nd petition for refuge on Elian # 8217 ; s behalf. This opinion came merely yearss before Elian # 8217 ; s scheduled return to Cuba. Judge Rodriguez ruled that Elian remain with his Miami relatives until March 6 when the tribunal will hear arguements from Lazaro Gonzalez. Rodriguez felt that Elian would confront # 8220 ; at hand and irreparable injury # 8221 ; if returned to Cuba. She besides included, a # 8220 ; loss of due procedure rights and injury to his physical and mental wellness and emotional well-being. # 8221 ; Judge Rodriguez besides ordered Juan Miguel Gonzalez to look at the March 6 hearing even though he has refused to go to the United States in the yesteryear. The complicating affair is that Judge Rodriguez may non even hold had legal power to govern on the instance. Harmonizing to a 1997 alteration of United States in-migration jurisprudence, a province tribunal is required to have permission of the U.S. lawyer general before interveining in instances affecting kids under INS detention. Since Elian is lawfully still in the detention of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Attorney General Janet Reno may render Rodriguez # 8217 ; s determination nothing and reject the 2nd petition for refuge. If that occurred, so Lazaro Gonzalez would hold had no legal standing to move for Elian. Judge Rosa Rodriguez was besides placed under examination after admiting that a political adviser for Elian # 8217 ; s cause, Armando Gutierrez, was a paid adviser in her 1998 judicial run. Legal experts feel that she should hold disclosed that information beforehand. Others feel that Rodriguez should hold refused the instance wholly. Reguardless, the political firestorm in the tribunals over where Elian belongs was set in gesture. United States Attorney General Janet Reno responded to the household tribunal justice # 8217 ; s opinion by saying that it # 8220 ; has no force or consequence, # 8221 ; and challenged Elian # 8217 ; s lawyers to appeal her opinion to the federal tribunal of entreaties. She besides lifted the Friday, January 14 deadline to let clip for tribunal proceedings ; but did non put a new deadline. Government functionaries besides stressed holding no purpose of forcibly taking Elian. In return, the Miami household # 8217 ; s lawyer, Spencer Eig, filed a federal case on January 19 on behalf of Elian. Legal experts said the opportunities of Elian # 8217 ; s lawyers winning in federal tribunal are slim since affairs of in-migration enforcement are deferred to the lawyer general. Back in the Little Havana subdivision of Miami, where the household of Lazaro Gonzalez lives, public support for Elian to remain grew. The protagonists felt that all they needed was some clip until Congress reconvened on January 24 and considered a particular measure allowing Elian legal position in the United States. The measure would finally take any INS legal power, leting Lazaro Gonzalez to seek detention at the province degree. Both of Florida # 8217 ; s senators, Republican Connie Mack, a protagonist of Elian # 8217 ; s cause, and Democrat Bob Graham, have urged the INS non to move until Congress can take the issue up. Yet particular in-migration measures have merely had a one per centum success rate in the yesteryear. And even if such a measure is passed, it has to be ratified by President Clinton who favors the INS # 8217 ; s determination of returning Elian. Castro # 8217 ; s authorities condemned the opinion while the people of Cuba one time once more protested, mentioning to Cuban refugees in America as animals. A planned trip to the United States from Cuba by Elian # 8217 ; s grandmas took topographic point on January 28 when they met with Janet Reno to discourse a visit with Elian. The meeting eventually took topographic point at the place of Barry University President Sister Jeanne O # 8217 ; Laughlin of Miami. Both sides of the household wanted a impersonal location off from media attending. Sister Jeanne O # 8217 ; Laughlin, who remained a impersonal party on the Elian difference, changed her head in favour of Elian staying in the U.S. after hosting the meeting with the grandmas. She noted feeling fright in the two, while the grandmas stated holding no privateness with the male child and excessively many interuptions. The grandma # 8217 ; s cell phones were even confiscated as a status of the meeting. Because of turning legal concerns, the Miami relatives cancelled a meeting with Attorney General Janet Reno on February 9. Alternatively, Marisleysis Gonzalez and Georgina Cid, both second-cousins to Elian, lobbied on Capital Hill for support of the Elian measure to allow citizenship or lasting residence. March 9, 2000 was the much anticipated day of the month that would find the destiny of Elian Gonzalez. Lazaro Gonzalez and his girl Marisleysis, along with other Miami relations, were eventually back in tribunal to coerce the INS to give Elian a political refuge hearing antecedently denied. This clip the household # 8217 ; s statements were heard at the federal degree and U.S. District Judge K. Michael Moore presided. On this day of the month, no opinion was made and the justice recessed the tribunal without a determination until Tuesday, March 21. In his opinion, Judge Moore steadfastly upheld United States Attorney General Janet Reno # 8217 ; s determination to return Elian to his male parent in Cuba. He dismissed the instance and stated, # 8220 ; Each passing twenty-four hours is another twenty-four hours lost between Juan Miguel and his son. # 8221 ; The Federal Court # 8217 ; s opinion sparked a media craze covering every minute facet of Elian and his Miami relations. By this clip, the intelligence media had been bivouacing out in multitudes outside the Little Havana place of Elian # 8217 ; s relatives questioning everyone from legal experts to child phychiatrists. Marisleysis Gonzalez shocked viewing audiences of CNN # 8217 ; s Talkback Live when she walked across the street of her Miami place to a unrecorded broadcast to react to remarks made by New York head-shrinker Dr. Preston Wiles. Dr. Wiles was one of many head-shrinkers theorizing on the best involvements of Elian and exasperating the household. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s really easy to be outside of a state of affairs and speak non cognizing what this small male child went through, # 8221 ; exasperated Marisleysis. In the yearss to follow, Marisleysis Gonzalez would be admitted to the infirmary for a 2nd clip due to emphasize related unwellnesss. Public support in the Small Havana community grew as demonstrators from the anti-Castro group, the Democracy Movement, linked weaponries and practiced non-violent opposition techniques. Ramon Saul Sanchez, caput of the Democracy Movement, said, # 8220 ; We will non allow Elian # 8217 ; s civil rights be violated # 8230 ; We are non willing to harm anyone, but we are willing to decease to support the constitutional rights of Elian Gonzalez. # 8221 ; After months of declining to come to the United States to decide issues with his boy, Juan Miguel Gonzalez applied for a visa to come and recover Elian. Through his lawyer, Gregory Craig, Juan Miguel arranged to remain in the state until the entreaties procedure is complete. The 11th U.S. Curcuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta has scheduled the instance for May 11. Negotiations between the Miami household and the INS ended with no understanding. INS functionaries wanted a signed statement from Lazaro Gonzalez assuring to manus Elian over if he lost his instance in the entreaties tribunal. Lazaro Gonzalez refused. Alternatively, he pleaded with Juan Miguel to come to Miami to run into with Elian in a household environment. In a statement released, he said, # 8220 ; We appeal to Juan Miguel to come to our place with his married woman and boy and sit with us around the household tabular array. We want no authorities functionaries, no attorneies, and no imperativeness, merely family. # 8221 ; The relations besides said that they were no longer willing to manus over Elian to his male parent but would non defy if the authorities tried to take him from their place. Meanwhile, on Friday, March 31, the Florida House of Representatives passed a declaration that urged the Justice Department to maintain Elian in U.S. detention until he can petition for political refuge, giving the household of Lazaro Gonzalez new hope of deriving detention of Elian and maintaining him here in the United States. One hebdomad subsequently, Juan Miguel Gonzalez arrived at Washington Dulles International Airport with his married woman, Nercy Carmenate Castillo, and boy Hianny. He immediatly met with Attorney General Janet Reno, INS Commissioner Doris Meissner and other functionaries at the Justice Department. During the April 6 meeting, which lasted an hr, Reno was moved by Juan Miguel # 8217 ; s supplication for the return of his boy. This prompted the immediate fashioning of a program to forcibly take detention of Elian. Later, Reno besides repeated an offer made to the household a hebdomad before. The offer gave the Miami household two options ; instantly turn Elian over to his male parent and she will seek to hold them stay in the U.S. while the entreaties procedure over in-migration position and detention continue ; or maintain the male child until federal United States Marshals Services seize him, but there will be no authorities attempt to forestall Juan Miguel and Elian from returning to Cuba before the entreaties procedure is over. Cuban-Americans, whose Numberss reached the 100s outside the Miami place, view the recent determination as an act of treachery by the federal authorities. Many expatriates feel that the victor here is non the American authorities or Elian, but Fidel Castro and his Communist government. Cuban-American Ledia Chavez who supported Lazaro disgustedly stated, # 8220 ; We knew Castro had the power in Cuba, but we didn # 8217 ; T cognize he had it here, too. # 8221 ; Janet Reno sympathized with the community # 8217 ; s feelings in a statement by naming Castro # 8220 ; a dictator from whom 1000s have fled. # 8221 ; Governor Jeb Bush showed his acknowledgment of the emotion by noticing, # 8220 ; I think a batch of people are passionate about this because they have suffered at the custodies of Fidel Castro. # 8221 ; These passions, nevertheless, may be the cause of some political agitation between the Miami-Washington confederation. Experts say that Cuban-Americans in Miami stand to los e some of their lobbying power after holding noteworthy influence over U.S. policy on Cuba. In the yesteryear, Congress tended to look to Cuban-Americans for counsel and leading. As for the governmental facet, Attorney General Janet Reno and Vice President Al Gore are at hazard of losing favour in the eyes of the Miamians. # 8220 ; The political monetary value for Democrats could be a Florida Senate place and Florida # 8217 ; s 25 electoral ballots, # 8221 ; explains associate professor Dario Moreno at Florida International University. Cuban-Americans represent a little part of the electorate, but they vote in big Numberss in provinces that make a difference in close elections. Political experts besides recognition Cuban-Americans with holding changeless and intense lobbying attempts. Democratic presidential campaigner Al Gore, who tends to lose the most from the unrest in Miami, is at hazard of losing much needed support. His positions have seemed contradictory as the Elian saga evolved. First, Gore agreed with the INS determination saying that the struggle should be handled by federal functionaries. Then, fearing worsening support from the Cuban-American community, Al Gore reasserted his disassociation with the Clinton disposal and Attorney General Janet Reno and the INS. Gore now supported Congress to go through a measure sponsored by Senator Bob Graham, Democrat-Florida, that would allow lasting residence position in the United States to Elian, his male parent, step-mother, brother, grandmas, and gramps. However, on April 7 when Gore campaigned in Fort Lauderdale, he remained soundless on the Elian difference and made no mentions at all as to his place on the affair. Alternatively, Gore talked about insurance coverage for preventives and other wellness attenti on issues with the invitation merely assemblage. He besides avoided discoursing the instance by call offing a fund-raiser in Miami. With so many factors involved in the Elian Gonzalez detention difference, it # 8217 ; s hard non to hold an sentiment. Every side has their ain position of what # 8217 ; s right and can endorse up their claims with legitamate and true grounds. Each has protagonists that feel the emotions of the households merely every bit much as the households themselves. But with all the attending over the United States tribunals, authorities functionaries, and Fidel Castro as to who # 8217 ; s making what, when and why, are we losing sight over who is truly of import and what is genuinely at interest? Elian # 8217 ; s life was greatly impacted by the Miami relations after tragically losing his female parent. Now he is at hazard of losing the lone stableness he has known for the past five months, but is that plenty to maintain a male child from his male parent? Either manner, Elian will lose since the opportunities of both sides of the household of all time coming together agian to do some sort understanding are practically zero. Possibly Elian would hold a better life and more chances in the United States, but he would non hold a better life being separated from his male parent. Whatever the result, the peoples of both the United States of America and Cuba will be greatly impacted for old ages to come because of a male child named Elian.

Understanding Contemporary Organization of EMP †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Contemporary Organization of EMP. Answer: Introduction EMP is a multinational gold company which has its headquarter in Australia and is one of the listed companies in the Stock exchange. The mines of the companies operate successfully in five countries. The company has substantial gold reserves that will provide 30 years of production. As per the financial forecasts, the company will generate good cash margins by providing high quality gold assets. The main emphasis of the company is long-term value creation, which will be done by reducing the costs, increasing the reserves and production with the help of efficient use of capita (Joyce Paquin, 2016). The company has seven mines that are managed separately as profit centers. EMP also operates through joint ventures and currently the company has two mines of joint ventures in Asia and South America. Discussion: Business Canvas Model Key partners Suppliers, who provide mining equipments and tools and vehicles like trucks used for mining and exploration distributors, local and national authorities Key activities Spanning, exploration, mining and marketing of the finished products Value Proposition Focus on each stage of production. Increasing gold reserves and cost effectiveness Customer segments Merchants, local and international smelters, customers of Australia, Asia and Europe Customer relationships Focusing on quality and ensuring the customers to provide the best quality Key Resources Tools used for mining, drilling, exploration, trucks, funds and skilled labor force Channels Cost structure Salaries, wages, cost of equipments and tools, cost for operations like exploration, mining and spanning Revenue Streams Selling the finished gold products to the five countries where the company operates. Key partners- Key partners of the company are the suppliers who provide vehicles and trucks for mining activities, suppliers, who provide equipments used for the mining. Gold concentrates are transferred to the refineries and smelters for further refining and smelting. The owners of these refineries and smelters are the partners of the company. The lawyers are the legal partners who would help in legal matters like licensing that are required for any business. Other partners include distributors who would be distributing the processed gold product to the end users. Key activities- The activities start with finding the right site that is rich in the gold ores. Another major activity is setting up the site for routine mining activities. Generally, the refining and smelting of the washed ores are done in separate refineries. Finally, the gold ores are processed to make finished gold that can be sold or further used for other purposes (Shafritz, Ott Jang, 2015). Key resources- The key resource of the company include, land that is rich in gold ores, mining equipments, vehicles like, trucks, fund to hire employees. Since the mining activity is both capital and labor intensive, adequate amount of funds and labor are required for carrying out the mining activity. Apart from the manpower required at mining site, a large number of skilled employees are required for carrying out smelting and refining activities. Therefore, skilled workforce is required at refineries as well. Value proposition- The company creates value by focusing on quality, which is gained by focusing in each and every step that is involved in the processing of the gold ores. EMP believes that building good relationship with the employees should be built on mutual trust. They have in total six thousand employees all around the world. The core value of the organization is to focus on health and safety of the employees at the mining sites (Kotler et al., 216). Creating a good will in the market is the prime objective of the company. Customer segments- The main customers of the company include smelters in Australia, Asia and Europe. They also sell their products to the merchants who are in contract with the company (Cummings Worley, 2014). Channels- The distributors of the company transfer the gold to the smelters (Cummings Worley, 2014). Customer relationships- The Company has established a good and healthy relationship with their customers, like the merchants who are in contract with the company (Joyce Paquin, 2016). Cost structure- Cost structure of the company comprises of equipment costs, trucks, drilling tools, tools used for exploration, monitors for monitoring. The salaries and wages of the employees and labors all constitute to the cost structure. Revenue streams- The company generates revenue from the selling the gold products to the merchants and smelters in Asia, Europe and Australia (Joyce Paquin, 2016). The organizational design of the company is divisional, as shown in the figure, each of the seven mines of the company operate as strategic business units, so it can be said that the company has seven strategic business units. Each of the divisions has separate marketing, human resource, operations and finance departments (Armstrong et al., 2015). Marketing management Each of the seven mines of the company are separate profit centers, therefore each of the business units have their own department for marketing management. The company implements marketing strategies based on the country it is operating. The focus of the company is value creation for which the company is continuously focusing on quality that it provides to its customers. For fulfilling the demand of its customers, the company is also focusing on exploration to find new gold reserves. The customers of the company are merchants with whom the company has signed contract. Majority of the production of the company is transferred sold to the smelters in Asia, Australia and Europe (Armstrong et al., 2015). To find new gold reserves that are a complicated task, therefore the company is finding new and innovative ways for explorations. The company for its production efficiency focuses on all the stages of production, spanning, exploration, mining, operation, processing and research and devel opment. Another most important strategy of the business is reduction in costs. Large open pits and underground mining technology is used for mining so that the cost can be controlled. Each of mines ship their transformed ore to gold concentrate to smelters for final refining. Cost reduction and increasing the gold reserves are some of the main strategies used by the company for gaining competitive advantage in the market. The company can apply skimming pricing strategy because the cost involved in the production of the product of the company is too much. In order to cover that cost the company can target the premium clients and apply skimming pricing strategy. The advertising of the gold products can be done in premium magazines. For promotional activities more emphasis should be given to direct marketing and personal selling. Finance management Each of the mines has their own finance department and they handle the financial transactions separately. The working capital of the company comes from the revenue it earns by selling the gold products to the customers and merchants. EMPs strategy is to keep the operational cost minimal so that the company can have a cost benefit. EMP plans to use the capital efficiently in each of its operations and activities (Arnold, 2013). The company operates in five countries and through the sales from all these countries, the company gets a major portion of its revenue. Relation between marketing and finance department Marketing and finance department are very much independent, the finance department maintains the revenue generated by the marketing department. Finance department handles all the expenditure that are required for carrying out the various activities whereas marketing department carries out all the activities that are either directly related to revenue generation like, sales or support sales, like promotional activities. All the four departments are crucial for any business organization but it can be said that marketing and financial departments are backbone of any organization (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013). The main source of revenue in the company is the sales of the gold products to the customers across the world. The revenue generated is further used for various operations and providing wages and salaries to the employees. The finance department keeps an account of all the income and expenditures of the company. It allocates funds for carrying out various activities. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the strategy adopted by the company to capture maximum market share is very effective, because the company is not concentrated to one country rather it is operational in five countries where the company has separate functional departments. The divisional organizational design of the company helps the company to operate easily in each of the seven mines as separate profit centers. The gold reserves of EMP will provide 30 years of production to the company. The focus of the company is long-term value creation, and so EMP focuses on efficiency in each of the phases of its production. The main strategy of the business is reduction in costs and increasing the gold reserves. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Arnold, G. (2013).Corporate financial management. Pearson Higher Ed. Brigham, E. F., Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013).Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Joyce, A., Paquin, R. L. (2016). The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models.Journal of Cleaner Production,135, 1474-1486. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Brady, M., Goodman, M., Hansen, T. (2016).Marketing management. Pearson Education Ltd.. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., Jang, Y. S. (2015).Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning.

Brooklyn Museum Student Apprentice Program free essay sample

I have been in the Brooklyn Museum Student Apprentice Program for two years now. I started out as a Junior Apprentice and became a Senior Apprentice in September of 2006. As I moved along in the program, I encountered many challenges, which were due to both certain changes in the program and myself as an individual. Due to the experiences that I faced over this past year I was tested in the sense that I was forced to think outside of the box, and really express my individuality. I became a stronger person because I gained more independence, and freedom about how I wanted to express myself. The other Senior Apprentices and I had to deal with the fact that we were going to have a new boss, and that the program wasn’t going to be the same as in previous years. So my challenge was not only to prepare myself to adapt to the new changes, but also trying to improve myself in the process. We will write a custom essay sample on Brooklyn Museum Student Apprentice Program or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I had to improve myself as a person because I never had a situation where I had to adapt to change in the workplace. I needed some type of experience to help me deal with this problem in future situations. I went about this task of adapting to changes in the program by not only to accepting the changes, but to help my new boss understand how the program was previously run in order to help my new boss maybe incorporate some of the old methods into the new plans. I could have approached this situation by simply stepping back and letting the new policies be implemented. But I tackled the circumstances by explaining and showing my new boss how things were done previously because I feel that in order to make improvements for the future the one must examine the past so that the same mistakes aren’t made. Another problem that I faced during this past year was helping to find new apprentices for the program. As a Senior Apprentice that was a new added responsibility. The difficulty with this was I had to make a decision that would not only affect me, but reflect the program, and the museum as a whole, because the museum apprentices are a reflection of the museum, and the principles that the museum stands for. So the main challenge was finding students that fit the programs standards of showing a strong commitment and dedication to teaching in a museum environment and showing the motivation to want to improve children’s lives my giving them knowledge and helping children to appreciate different forms of art. So I confronted this challenge by working long hours with my fellow Senior Apprentices to interview and evaluate candidates for the program. Another example is when my boss had asked who would like to teach the game of Senet to museum visitors I decided to step up to the task. I had never played Senet before, and I knew that it would take a long time for me to become skilled enough at the game in order to teach it to museum visitors. So I approached this challenge with an open mind, and used strong will power to push myself to continue practicing the game until I had a firm grasp on how the game was played so that I could teach it to people. But through my challenges of learning how to play the game, I realized that no one is perfect,including me and lifes challenges just make you stronger. Also when it came down to planning the actual tours I was presented with the problems that came with the numerous aspects of making decisions about how to present the tour. This was a major problem because different age groups approach a question with different levels of understanding, therefore grasping different knowledge of the sub ject matter. So my partner and I modified the questions on the tour and did research in order to approach this challenge that we were presented with. I also discussed with my partner about what I did last year on my tour when this type of situation arouse concerning the different age groups. The Brooklyn Museum Student Apprentice Program has had a strong impact on my life. Since I have been in the program I have learned to better work with my peers as part of a team. Along with working as part of a team I have gained the reward of being able to communicate with people better. I also gained the passion to want to pursue teaching in my future. This was due to the fact that as an Apprentice I saw how I helped teach children something that they could keep with them, and hopefully pass along their newly gained knowledge to others.

Biography of Robert McNamara, Vietnam War Architect

Biography of Robert McNamara, Vietnam War Architect Robert S. McNamara (June 9, 1916–July 6, 2009) was a secretary of the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1960s and the chief architect and most vocal defender of the Vietnam War. He spent his later years as an elder statesman, apologizing for an escalation of the conflict that became known as McNamaras War. He strove to redeem himself by helping the worlds poorest nations. Before his death in 2009, McNamara wrote about the failures that would became his legacy: Looking back, I clearly erred by not forcing - then or later, in Saigon or Washington - a knock-down, drag-out debate over the loose assumptions, unasked questions and thin analyses underlying our military strategy in Vietnam. Fast Facts: Robert McNamara Known For: U.S. Secretary of Defense during the Vietnam WarBorn: June 9, 1916 in San Francisco, CaliforniaDied: July 6, 2009 in Washington, D.C.Parents Names: Robert and Clara Nell McNamaraEducation: University of California at Berkeley, Harvard Business SchoolSpouses Names: Margaret Craig (m. 1940–1981), Diana Masieri Byfield (m. 2004)Childrens Names: Robert, Margaret, Kathleen Early Years and Education Robert Strange McNamara was born on June 9, 1916 to Robert, the son of Irish immigrants, and Clara Nell McNamara. His father managed a shoe company in their hometown of San Francisco. The young McNamara was raised during the Great Depression, an experience that helped shape his liberal political philosophy. Later, he honed this philosophy at the University of California at Berkeley, where he studied economics. Next, he studied business administration at Harvard University, then went on to work for Ford Motor Company. He served as Fords president for a month until being tapped by President John F. Kennedys administration in 1960 to lead the Pentagon. Defending the Vietnam War McNamara was vilified by opponents of the Vietnam War for his seemingly unflinching support of the conflict in public, distorting the reality of the war and misleading the president. He used the statistical analysis techniques he learned at Harvard to try to measure success on the battlefield. According to the Vietnam Center and Archive at Texas Tech University, McNamara switched to using enemy body counts instead of territory or land based objectives to measure the American’s success in the war...[which] led to a war of attrition, a policy of inflicting massive casualties on the enemy. In private, McNamaras doubts about the mission grew along with the body count, and he questioned whether the war was actually winnable. Eventually, he raised such concerns with President Lyndon B. Johnson, with no success. McNamara resigned as secretary of Defense in 1968 following his failed attempt to both negotiate a settlement in the Vietnam War and convince Johnson to freeze troop levels and stop bombings. Clark Clifford, an adviser to Johnson, succeeded McNamara. McNamara went on to become president of the World Bank. Famous Quotes I deeply regret that I did not force a probing debate about whether it would ever be possible to forge a winning military effort on a foundation of political quicksand. It became clear then, and I believe it is clear today, that military force - especially when wielded by an outside power - cannot bring order in a country that cannot govern itself. We burned to death 100,000 Japanese civilians in Tokyo - men, women and children. LeMay recognized that what he was doing would be thought immoral if his side had lost. But what makes it immoral if you lose and not immoral if you win? We of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations acted according to what we thought were the principles and traditions of our country. But we were wrong. We were terribly wrong. You dont ... correct a wrong by apologizing. You can correct a wrong only if you understand how it occurred and you take steps to ensure it wont happen again. Later Career McNamara served as the World Bank president for 12 years. He tripled its loans to developing countries and changed its emphasis from grandiose industrial projects to rural development.After retiring in 1981, McNamara championed the causes of nuclear disarmament and aid for the worlds poorest nations. He fought what he described as the â€Å"absolute poverty - utter degradation† in  Africa, Asia and Latin America. Legacy McNamara died on July 6, 2009, in Washington, D.C. His legacy will forever be intertwined with the Vietnam War and tainted by his loyalty to the presidents he served rather than the American people. The New York Times condemned McNamara in a devastating editorial, writing: â€Å"Mr. McNamara must not escape the lasting moral condemnation of his countrymen. Surely he must in every quiet and prosperous moment hear the ceaseless whispers of those poor boys in the infantry, dying in the tall grass, platoon by platoon, for no purpose. What he took from them cannot be repaid by prime-time apology and stale tears, three decades late.†

Teamwork - Collaboration vs. Competition in Business is similiar in Essay

Teamwork - Collaboration vs. Competition in Business is similiar in sports - Essay Example Sports is leisure, a mode of entertainment, it can be for entertainment or hobby while business for most of us is for living. Varieties are available in both the activities. Business can be of varying size following different industrial rules and sports are also from individual entrepreneur to large organizations. If a sport where team performance is involved is compared with an organization or a unit of organization some very important features are as follows: The common goal of winning is important for the collaborative efforts. Certain level of competition will be always there within an organization or team among the players to prove one better than the other. It becomes the responsibility of the leader or the head to direct them according to vision and goals and take out best from them. Team work is a collaborative effort of the members of team towards a well defined goal. Maxwell has given The 17 Indisputable Laws of Teamwork. These laws are very significant and cover almost all the activity or action of any team. This law explains the need of collaborative efforts to achieve any goal. In a business where various departments and people from diverse fields and areas are recruited to achieve goals of profits, not single operations or marketing department will be achieve goals of profit alone. Marketing people make promises for what to be delivered and the operations people deliver these promises. This is a broad example of business. To achieve greatness the strength will come from being together. In this condition the significance of a single member is in the team not alone. Within a team with collaborative efforts the individual may contribute achieving the same goal which he would have never been achieved alone. When an individual works in a team he looks at the bigger picture of the performance. This picture is presented to him by the team leader of the team. The most important thing for the members becomes Goal

International Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Criminal Justice - Essay Example The question then goes on to ask if there is a difference in the national and international repercussions for a state embarking upon the use of armed force or the divide is merely an arbitrary one .After definitions and analysis the essay then discusses the application or rejection of these laws in the light of recent and historical events. From the perspective of international law the sovereignty of the states confers upon them a right to conduct their affairs free from the interference from other states.This is also known as the doctrine of non-intervention in the sovereign affairs of the other states. In Nicaragua v United States1( The existence in the opinio juris of states of the practice of non-intervention is backed by established practice.It has moreover been presented as a corollary of the principle of the sovereign equality of the states. "dictatorial interference by a state in the affairs of another state for the purpose of maintaining or altering the actual condition of things .Intervention can take place in the external as well as the internal affairs of a state.But it must be emphasised that intervention proper is always dictatorial interference not interference pure and simple" 2 In the modern international scenario, the mention of intervention has become synonymous with armed conflict. In the Corfu Channel Case(Merits)1949 ICJ Rep 4 it was said by the court that, "the court can only regard the alleged right of intervention as the manifestation of a policy of force such as has in the past given rise to most serious abuses and such as cannot whatever be the present defects in international organisationfind a place in international law ." It should also be noted that before the First World War there was not much of an international effort to regulate and prevent armed conflict involving war crimes and aggression. This has been noted by an eminent academic as follows, "International law has no alternative but to accept war independently of the justice of its origins as a relation which the parties to it may set up if they choose and to busy itself in regulating the effects of the relation"3 However the Post World War II era has seen a heightened concern by various international organisations to prevent armed conflict. In the recent decades the principle of non interference has been reinforced by the General Assembly Resolution 2131 (XX) of December 14 1960, The Declaration on the Inadmissibility of Intervention in the Domestic affairs of States, General Assembly Declaration On the Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among the States In Accordance with The Charter of the United Nations,GA,Resolution,"2625(XXV) of 24 October 1970.4 The legality of Aggression Of particular importance is the way the International Law treats War of Aggression.Customary international law makes it an international offence to wage a war of

The Politics in Itself Can be a Major Force in Determining Growth and Essay

The Politics in Itself Can be a Major Force in Determining Growth and Development of a ountry - Essay Example On the other hand poor lack of political stability leads to the poor performance of the economy and may act as a significant variable in the collapse of the governmental structures and its functioning (Alesina et al, 1992, p.1). The paper centers on the discussion of the political environment with several policies as well as their implications with respect to two underdeveloped countries namely Vietnam and Bangladesh. An in depth analysis will be guiding the ways in the realization of the theme of the paper. The fundamental notion of the interdependence of politics and economic growth Theoretical underpinnings regarding the correlation of the politics and economic growth is highly based upon the uncertainty effects and that of the productive economic ideas and decisions, investments as well as that of production and labor supply. A high propensity of a change in the government is vehemently attached with the domain of uncertainty about the new policies of a new government with the ri sk adverse economic agents hesitating for adapting productive economic initiatives and finding good ventures in the abroad. Again for the foreign investments to infiltrate within the economy, the foreign political governments usually prefer economies with political stability which directs towards less uncertainty with the policies and property rights dynamics. There is presence of several literatures on the so called association. As for example, Alesina and Tabellini (1990), Tabellini and Alesina (1990), Cukierman, Edwards and Tabellini (1992), 6zler and Tabellini (1991) has developed several models where a government striving with uncertainty engages them in policies which yields sub optimal levels leading to the worsening of the economic condition of the state. These models all state share a common idea which states that outcome of the political instability generates economic inefficiencies. Within the vast domain of the stated model development, mainly within the works of Alesina and Tabellini (1989) examines the fact that effect of the political uncertainty is immensely adverse on the investment and capital injections within the economy. The probability of a governmental collapse with that of the development of a new government are highly prone towards the tax capital and productive activities signifying a substitution procedure of productive domestic investments in favor of consumption and capital flight, which in turn leads to a reduction of domestic production. There are several literatures developed on similar topic but the most relevant part in accordance with that of the elaboration in the subsequent segments has been discussed. Now the paper will plunge into the development of the hardcore mechanics which will reflect the theme of the paper with respect to Vietnam and Bangladesh. The following segment will be focusing on the case study of Vietnam and after that the case of Bangladesh will be considered (Alesina et al, 1992, pp. 3-4). Vietnam-Politic s and economic growth Background & reshuffling the power structure The country of Vietnam has gone through almost three decades of war. In the year 1945, the country declared independence from France which the French government did not recognize. As a consequence, a war broke out between Vietnam and France where France was defeated in the North Vietnam with the outbreak of a civil war. Now with the communal tensions being one of the predominant phenomenons at that time the Americans involved themselves in war with Vietnam, the

A business analysis project for Amazon.com

A business analysis project for Amazon.com INTRODUCTION Business analysis, a process of finding the needs and problems in business and generating solutions to cater to those problems. These Solutions should focus to achieve improvements in the process, incorporation of organisational change, planning and development to set a system of operation that is result oriented and effective. There are numerous tools and techniques used depending on the situation and requirement; few are PESTEL, PORTERs model, SWOT analysis, HEPTALYSIS, MOST, CATWOE, DeBonos six thinking hats, MoSCoW, five whys, VPEC-T and more; however only few of the above tools are used, very frequently in critical analysis at the initial stages. ABSTRACT In this case we analyze as how Amazon.com has been performing off late, using the tools mentioned above. The advantages and disadvantages Amazon.com has over their competitors, where they have been lagging, their financial performance and strategic approach. Critical analysis will be done on their business environment and strategic approach to highlight any possible shortfalls and to provide with appropriate recommendations for improvements. Internal and external analysis will be undertaken to determine their marketing strategy, their response to global e-retailing industry. COMPANY PROFILE Amazon.com based in Washington and found by Jeff Bezos in 1994 is global leader in e-commerce and it was the first company to introduce the concept of selling goods on the Internet. Initially Amazon.com started as an online bookstore and its success led Amazon to diversify into other products such as gifts, music, electronics, groceries, toys and many more. Probably today there is no product that Amazon.com doesnt sell. Amazon.com has developed different internet portal sites for different countries such as Canada, UK, Germany, France, China and Japan. Amazon.com was named after worlds largest river Amazon and was assigned with a logo of an arrow starting from A to Z representing the customer satisfaction as the highest priority and fill their store houses with every product in the alphabet. Amazon.com was open for trading under NASDAQ with a symbol AMZN for the first time on 15 may, 1997 by issuing initial public offering at a price of US $ 18/share. Amazon.com in its early stages was not very successful and did not produce any profits, which made investors rethink about their portfolio, major business and process restructuring was required; they had to cut down their costs to increase the profits and were tied up from diversifying into more products, however Amazon.com survived the dot com bubble in 2000 which was the core reason for many e- businesses to close down and this was the turning point for Amazon.com after which they finally in the fourth quarter, 2001 they made their first profit which generated revenues of more than a billion$ and $ 5million profits in just 1 quarter. This led Amazon.com to prove to the world that their business model was profitable and also they popularized online shopping which was recognized by time magazine and awarded Jeff as the business person of the year. 1.3. MISSION VISION STATEMENTS Amazon.com vision: Our vision is to be earths most customer centric company; to build a place where people can come to find and discover anything they might want to buy online. (Amazon.com, 2010) Above statement reflects that amazon.com wants to be global leader in e-retailing business by providing the quality products at affordable price using latest technology to build the customer database and gain their loyalty towards the brand; thereby catering to the stakeholders interests and generating profits to the company. Expand themselves all over and build a virtual market place where customers can shop comfortably from at home. ANALYSIS 2.1. EXERNAL ANALYSIS The external environment also referred to as the macro-environment, plays a very important role in the operations of any business. Key environmental factors such as political, economical, social, technological, legal, etc. affect the organisations at various levels. It has become the need of the hour to consider the potential impact of the external factors on the individual organisations. (Johnson et al, 2006). 2.1.1 PESTEL analysis PESTEL analysis is conducted to determine current and future trends in political, economical, social, legal, environmental and technological environments, might influence the performance of business and what measures to be taken to avoid any shortfalls. PESTEL Factors Key Points Relevance to Amazon.com Political Government policies incorporate competition and promotion by liberalizing telecom and e-commerce legislation Increase in affordability and internet usage. Investing in national ICT infrastructures by government (Euro monitor) Reliable, faster and better internet usage for the national users. Relaxation of competition policies in industry as compared to heavy industries in EU and North American regions Expansion of markets at greater a pace by mergers and acquisitions. Economic To control inflation, interest rates varied which slows down the consumer spending in UK. Off late spending has seen a downfall in US and rise in Asian markets due to economic growth; main reason being the credit crunch and tightening the housing loan (The Times online, 2008) Opens the gates to other global markets to such as India and china. Between 2006 and 2011 e-retailing grows tremendously by rising sales over 100%. This growth is backed by increase in the number of internet users in US, which has increased approximately by 85% after 2000. (Euromonitor International from national statistics) Increase in potential customers for Amazon.com The annual disposable income exceeds US$5,000. by 2011 covering around 620 million households; of these majority will be in Asia- Pacific next to western Europe. (Euro monitor International from national statistics) Increase in potential customers for Amazon.com leading to the concept of globalization. Social Popularity and increased use of online social networking. Added advantage to market the product and the website Interface available for users to shop and the increase in number of products lead to drop in online shopping. Has to come up with a solution to reduce the security and financial risks to users. Growth of internet from 2002 to 2011 is 288.7%. 28.9% of world population use the internet (Internet World Stats, 2009) Huge market available to exploit and establish. Technological Innovation of latest technologies increased broadcasting, internet access at cheaper cost. Increase in number of users of technical devices such as mobile, iPods, TV, led for increase in internet access for online shopping. Innovations and development of high-speed internet services (broadband) has increased usage rich media applications. Rich media applications are easily available to shoppers on internet. Environmental Awareness about pollution and global warming. Reduced travel and more shopping online. Corporate social responsibility and global pressure to go green. Can incorporate concept of green within postage and packaging, methods. Legal No standard regulations governing e-retailing covering entire globe. Eg. Federal trade commission in USA and data protection act in UK. Should be well aware of both domestic and international legal laws. European E-retailing directive Could impact the cross continental growth of e-retailing considering strict regulations (Jacobson, 2008 as cited in Zugelder et al, 1999). The invention of electronic signatures Law. Removes traditional legal methodologies and instate more secure and transparent legal environment. Summary of PESTEL PESTEL factors indicate attractive global market to be exploited by Amazon.com. Asian markets have reflected tremendous growth opportunities in recent past. Advancement and usage of internet for social networking has led to new opportunities to be exploited. Amazon.com should support environment friendly actions as increased importance is been given to environment these days, also to be a true global company Amazon.com has to incorporate single global strategy which involves legalities common to all of the globe. 2.1.2 Industry competitor analysis (PORTERs Model) For any organisation the industry and competitor analysis is important as it comes handy for businesses to understand the competitive forces, market status, factors influencing, competitive strategic implementations. Porters Five Forces analysis is used to assess the attractiveness of different industries, and therefore, it can help in illustrating the sources of competition in a particular industry (Johnson et al, 2006). Porters five forces High Low Power of suppliers Suppliers retain the control as few brands and special products increase the cost down the network. For example Harry Potter books are exclusive from publisher which is an advantage for Amazon.com E- Retailing sets a stage and makes it much easier for businesses to sell products directly to consumers without any third party in-between. Power of suppliers rise if the control of certain type of products rests with one supplier than fragmented. Products available easily pose low power to suppliers and they have to act to a mower margin. Wider the market, wider is the scope for suppliers thereby increasing number of suppliers. Power of buyer Increased market competition has increased the power of buyers. Increase in number of online stores and comparison sites makes e-retailing business even more difficult. Threat of new entrants Initial capital required for such a business is very low as it doesnt involve any inventory and storage costs and will only need to implement technology Strong brand image incorporates good customer relations and trust. Since the competition is very tight the suppliers who emphasize on economies of scale and consider business turnover over profits make more business and profits in the long run Leaders in the online retail industry hold the advantage of customer loyalty and database while giving edge over the cost. Threat of Substitutes Latest marketing factors such as feel, touch, hear physical stores; makes an effect. One of the major threats to Amazon.com is online rentals instead of purchase as posed by texbookflix.com, bookrenter.com which reduces cost and pile of trash to a major extent. Internet is a global marketplace where consumers can get information and products which are much better in quality and from overseas online for no or very little cost. E-libraries, $ and pound shops mark greater threat nowadays. Mail orders, network marketing, catalogues although not very popular and effective yet pose threat to online buying Competitive Rivalry Search engine plays a major role at the consumer end for it acts as interface between seller and buyer which generates opportunities and PR to other e-retailers. Due to low initial investment costs there are a numerous affiliate online stores which are smaller still increase the competition. Summary of key findings from Porters Five Forces The competition in e-retailing industry is intense. There are number of small organizations adding frequently making the situation even worse. Main competitors to Amazon.com are BN and E-bay. The threat posed by small players and new entrants who can equally compete directly with Amazon.com is very low. When consumers consider prices of goods they also consider brand image and if they are reliable, most of customers expect quality service than just quantity and lower priced service. 2.1.3 Competitor analysis / Benchmarking Amazon.com has a wide product range and equally wide number of websites that compete with Amazon.com. Most of the e-retailers concentrate on introducing variety of products in the current available market or entering the new markets across the globe or both in order to maintain economies of scale which helps catch up with the pace of e-commerce industry. If we consider how diversified the product line is and the geographical markets catered, eBay poses direct competition to Amazon.com. However Amazon.com is the market leader in current trend and they have immediate urgency to expand both their product line and geographical reach to remain as leaders. As we can notice in the above graph, in 2006 Amazon.coms growth rate as compared to that of walmart was very low because walmart was a strong brand by then and had advantages of cross channel synergies and in-store pick up. In 2007 we observe the amazon getting closer to walmarts growth rateas they diversified into products such as music, cds, dvds, mp3 players and more; due to increased competition from these players walmart has been losing its market share continuously and however once can see that by 2008 Amazon.com is almost overtaken the walmart by providing with various offers such as free delivery and customer reviews. (Source: Data monitor) The above table shows position of Amazon.com but they are more diversified into the product line and geographically well spread. Companies like apple, hp, and dell do online retailing only for focussed group of products. However store based companies grew very strongly in 2008, but due to economical, hit not too many companies was able to survive. Amazon.com did by lowering delivery charges and provided with best offers. They also introduced ad-free TV and own download service and film streaming service in 2008 to outplay all of their competitors. Through competitor analysis it can be concluded that BN.com is the leading competitor to Amazon in lifestyle goods and books. However, Amazon has a diversified product range. Wal-Mart.com has almost similar prices as compared to Amazon but they have better product range such as pharmacy, photo printing and etc. Ebay.com also has a wider product range and better geographical reach but their concept is different to Amazon.com More competitive threat posed by Tesco, Wal-Mart as they have physical stores and eBay has better geographical reach, but however Amazon.com has option to develop the strategic alliances as they did in Japan with Lawson to capture the market. Amazon.com has to design its strategies to address these competitive threats. 2.1.4 Global internet trends Internet Usage: china, US, Germany, India, Brazil, Japan are amongst the top 5 countries where internet is used the most; Amazon.com has made its impact in all the above countries except for India. This implies and directs Amazon.com to exploit hidden opportunity in Asian market and huge business potential for future. Graph below shows the popularity of internet in the 21st century, which indicates the future of e-commerce as trends keep changing. C:UsersWELCOMEDesktoptop202010.jpeg (Source: Worldinternetstats.com) The graph below shows the dominance of Amazon.com sector wise. The balloon shows of all the business done by amazon.com majority has been in internet retailing; direct selling, vending and home shopping is almost void. This reflects the influence of internet on the business of Amazon.com. It is also seen below emerging markets and present markets where currently Amazon.com has its presence. Of all the retail sales value Amazon.com holds a very small share but then future trends look brighter as the CAGR expected is highest in India by 2011. This lays a pathway to Amazon.com as to establish themselves without any delay in India. (Source: Data monitor) (Source: Data monitor) 2.2. INTERNAL ANALYSIS Internal analysis can be conducted to determine relationship between the organizations available resources and its application to generate value proposition to the customer, it can also be used to determine the limitations, advantages and disadvantages within the organizations. 2.2.1 The Value Chain The value chain analysis helps determining the effectiveness of actions that makes organizations standout from their competitors and take a lead; i.e. activities that are difficult to duplicate. Applying the framework laid by Amit and Zott (2001) analytical objective of value chain is attaining of transaction cost economies value creation. Amazon.com focuses on reducing the costs in creating unique value to its customers. Support Activities Value creation Firm Infrastructure All of the business units are provided with central customer data warehouse; and planning functions from headquarters. Human Resource Management Amazon.com employees enjoy benefits such as stock grants, relocation allowances, paid Time off medical. Such an approach invites warehouses to be in cheaper locations yet attract skilled labour. Technology Development Amazon.com implements latest technology to leverage opportunities in digital sales such as videos, music, eBooks (The Economist, August 2006) Being able to digitize media for online download or for Search inside the book service. Usage of hardware systems to reduce cost of maintenance and compatibility Procurement Using the SBU-Book bank to maintain inventory of digital copies of books so as to make it available readily for customers on-demand and reduce time of delivery (The Economist, August 2008). Usage of recyclable cardboards for packaging. Primary Activities Inbound logistics Robust forecasting technology ensures no or very returns of goods to suppliers. Collection of customer feedback and experiences to defragment inventory and delivery controls. Operations Secure and fast online payment systems. Employ 24/7 warehouse services to meet consumer demands. Outbound logistics Built in close proximity of a robust transport system e.g. Bedfordshire fulfillment centre located next to M1. Ability to collate orders from around same locations. Marketing Sales Live customer interaction to offer suitable products at discounted prices and product mix, leaving customer feel more valued. Robust shipping price calculation and shipping all the products for the price of one. Service Free consumer friendly returns policy within 30 days on unsatisfaction, inviting consumers to try more new products. Provision to select between old and new products with price comparison 2.2.2 Financial analysis In Q4 2009, Amazon reported 42%, $9.52b rise in sales as compared to worldwide sales of previous year which was $24.51b, a mere 28% rise under the economic pressure; they also benefitted from the investments into customer services in Q3; however rise in their revenues all over the world doesnt imply high profit margins. As compared to the consistent rise in sales, the profits have been fluctuating, however their margins are very low as compared to the turnover, reason being the economies of scale and competition. (Source: GMID) Amazon.com did see a drastic rise in number of active customers in latter half of 2009, in the final quarter the average revenue/ customer rise more than $90, a mere 63% hike as compared to previous quarters. However rise in sales and number of active customers also rise their expenses significantly except for technology costs. $274m, 84% more as compared to previous quarter was spent on marketing activities. They invested money on paid search engine marketing, search engine optimization and content development. Also they entered into price war with their competitors to tie-up consumers by reducing their prices of electronic goods persuading consumers to buy from them which raised the revenues and number of customers. Amazon Global Revenue and Active Customers 2009 (www.365daysofretail.com) Amazon 2009 Expenses: Fulfillment, Technology, and Marketing (www.365daysofretail.com) Below shows a summary of balance sheet and income statements for 10 years, as we can observe amazon.com has been adding value to its stakeholders year on year where EPS has rised to 2.04 from 1.49 previous year. Amazon.com has been very consistent ear on tear however between 2005-2006 their EBIT dropped because they had high budget on marketing and investment in systems which allowed them to stay ahead of competitors. C:UsersWELCOMEDesktop11.bmp C:UsersWELCOMEDesktop12.bmp (www.msnfinance.com) Debt, Capital and gearing ratio indicates the ratio of debt to capital invested. 82% of the finance was from borrowing in 2005 which reduced to 68% in 2006 and has further reduced dramatically. Debts lead to the interest payments decreasing the profit margin, however if the cost of debt is less than capital cost then one can opt for debt, but Amazon has been continuously reducing their debt cost year o year and is just $109m in 2009. New projects has to be financed which emphasizes amazon.com to borrow, this can be justified by the data where interest cover has increased regularly concluding amazon.com ability to pay interest by 33.1 times is profitable. Amazon has huge financial reserves and can used for innovative research and development programs and technological implementations where they can incorporate single global strategy and also penetrate more geographic markets to create value to the stakeholders and customers. 2.3 SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS 2.3.1 SWOT analysis From a detailed Internal and external analysis we can conclude and summarize the Amazon.com strengths, weakness, threats and opportunities from the following SWOT analysis. Strengths Globally recognised brand Research and development programmes Geographical presence Customer focussed vision Diversified product line Incorporation of latest technology Amazon.com affiliate and merchant Program Highly skilled employee base Best inventory and logistics. Huge economies of scale Weaknesses No physical stores Lower profit margin due to high competition Low cash flows Lower market share in countries like India and china. Opportunities Tremendous growth in digital downloads Popularity of social networking Increase of online shoppers in Asian markets Open options for expansion via MA. Increase in e sales and growth of e-retailing Advancement of digital technology Rise in consumer spending across the globe Threats Vastly dependent on vendors Huge competition as it requires low capital Applicable Patent regulations. Piracy Concentrated business vision. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS 3.1 CONCLUSIONS Analysis tool Key point Strategic essence PESTEL Rise in number of internet users. High priority to environmental issues Various government policies aiding now than before. Rise in internet usage opens new markets like china and India. Environmental issues can be utilized to advantage by incorporating proper CSR. Legal and government policies usually are havoc. Porters 5 forces Rise in competition levels taking into consideration the porters five forces. Amazon.com has the competitive advantage and the value proposition. Competition Competition from new entrants and stores are growing at a very high pace and geographically. Amazon.com strategy and diversified business focus leading to innovation should be implemented. Future internet trends USA, China, Japan, Germany, Brazil and India are the top internet users between 2006-2011. Amazon.com has a presence in all these countries except in India. The value chain Amazon.com is equipped with global IT, high investments in technology and systematic logistics with a centralized management. This stands out Amazon.com from other players in the market hence they should hold the competitive advantage of brand image. Resource Based View Biggest asset of Amazon.com is customer base, web personalization and value proposition they offer to their customer. Utilize the available resources, technology and global strategic reach to outplay competitors. Financial Analysis Rise in revenue every year and %CAGR growth has not led to high profits. Manage costs, resources and economies of scale more effectively to generate more profits 3.2 RECOMMENDATIONS Long-term focus Internet retailing presents a challenge to traditional retailing to see increased investments from store based retailers such as wal-mart making it more crucial for amazon.com to maintain a long term vision and invest in innovation, customer experience, diversified product range in spite of profit maximization expectations. Exploit New Markets Amazon.com should consider entering into more new markets especially Asian where the buying power, standard of living and the demand has rised dramatically over past few years as global economic changes take place. Downloads Expansion Amazons core business in future will be digital downloads, although they were latecomer in the field of film, music, TV downloads they have to cater to the demand in a highly competitive market along with their diversified product line. Also they have to concentrate on eBooks media division. Sensitivity to changing variables It is very important for amazon.com to be sensitive to the minor particulars such as changing trends, tastes, preferences of consumers from time to time as the purchasing power and changing lifestyles generate more demand leaving companies like Amazon.com to respond hence such a market research and imagination will be an advantage. Build selling opportunities Amazon.com should seek ways to sell products to customers with less havoc, instantly and securely as they did in text message selling without internet. In order to achieve this they need to have high end technical skills. Recently released kindle can also be used as a tool to increase the download sales.