Caliban in The Tempest Essay - 2851 Words

Caliban in The Tempest ‘The Tempest’ is the magical story of the ship-wrecked inhabitants of an island. It deals with many serious themes such as; nature/nurture, power, magic and treachery but ‘the seriousness is never allowed to cause disquiet in the audience’. Many of these themes are still relevant today. The Tempest is, in effect, ‘a fairytale complete with magical occurrences, suspension of the laws of nature and a happy ending’. Caliban is an interesting an important character in ‘The Tempest’. He brings to the play issues that have a humorous side but are also serious, for example the treatment of inferiors. Prospero’s treatment of Caliban is portrayed as being amusing, with†¦show more content†¦. . thou didst seek to violate the honour of my child.’ Another example of this is, ‘I must eat my dinner’, which shows that the thought that he is hungry has come into his head and he cannot think of anything else. This also proves he is child-like in his thinking. From a director’s point of view, Caliban would be bitter, loud and slow in this scene. He enters saying a curse on Prospero, so he should burst out of his cave shouting these lines at Prospero with real feeling as though he has spent time in his cave thinking about the curse. He would speak in a loud, forceful voice and get into his curse. The audience would probably be shocked, slightly frightened and mildly disgusted with Caliban’s appearance and demeanour. Caliban is used in this scene to raise the issue of the treatment of servants and the master/servant relationship. Although the audience know by know that Caliban tried to rape Miranda, Prospero treats him very harshly which reflects the poor treatment of servants in Prospero’s time. For example, when Prospero tells Caliban to come and chop wood, he replies, ‘There’s wood enough within.’ This shows a sense of bitterness on Caliban’s part, showing that he resents being Prospero’s servant, when he was once master of his own island. In this sceneShow MoreRelated Caliban Portrayed as a Child in The Tempest1901 Words   |  8 PagesCaliban Portrayed as a Child in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Can a grown adult develop and act like a child?   Shakespeaers answer would have been yes.   This fact is depicted through the character of Caliban.   Calibans speech and manners, as well as his thought, all display the very basic reactions and notions of human beings.   He is also controlled by a parent figure who comes in the form of Prospero.   An analysis of Caliban can hold him up to Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development, which focusesRead More The Character of Caliban in The Tempest Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe Character of   Caliban in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Caliban is the only authentic native of what is often called Prosperos Island. However, he is not an indigenous islander, his mother Sycorax was from Argier, and his father Setebos seems to have been a Patagonian deity. Sycorax was exiled from Argier for witch-craft, much like Prospero himself, and Caliban was born on the island. Calibans own understanding of his position is made eloquently plain when we first meet him:    I must eatRead More The Character of Caliban in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1786 Words   |  8 PagesThe Character of Caliban in The Tempest       This thing of darkness, I must acknowledge mine It is impossible to understand The Tempest without first understanding the character of Caliban. Despite numerous novels and poems praising the virtuous, the pure and the good, everyone has within them a darker side of depravity and evil thoughts. This makes us human. What distinguishes between good and bad people, though, is the way in which this alter ego manifests itself to both the rest of mankindRead More Caliban in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1855 Words   |  8 PagesThe Tempest, considered by many to be Shakespeare’s farewell to the theatre, has of all his plays the most remarkable interpretive richness. The exceptional flexibility of Shakespeare’s stage is given particular prominence in The Tempest due to its originality and analytic potential, in particular in the presentation of one of his most renowned and disputed characters, Caliban. Superficially portrayed in the play as a most detestable monster, Ca liban does not evoke much sympathy. However, on furtherRead More The Purpose of Caliban in The Tempest Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe Purpose of Caliban in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the indispensable themes displayed in The Tempest is the duality of nature and society.   This is made apparent through the character of Caliban.   Caliban is a dis-figured fish-like creature that inhabits the island where the play The Tempest, takes place.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Caliban is the son a witch-hag, and the only native on the island.   In Calibans first speech, he suggests that Prospero stole the island from him. (Act 1, Scene 1, lineRead MoreThe Importance Of Caliban In Shakespeares The Tempest761 Words   |  4 Pages† So does Prospero, in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, have a right to enslave Caliban, the probably mentally-impaired son of the witch Sycorax, after Caliban presumably raped Miranda, Prospero’s daughter? Many would say yes, because Prospero ruled the land and held the only prominent voice of government and law. However, if we broaden our view and see Prospero’s true intents and the numerous other actions he could have undertaken rather than enslaving Caliban, we discover Prospero’s illegitimacy to yokeRead More The Oppression of Caliban in The Tempest Essay2573 Words   |  11 PagesThe Oppression of Caliban in The Tempest William Shakespeares, The Tempest, provides insight into the hierarchy of command and servitude by order of nature. This play uses the relationship between its characters to display the control of the conqueror over the conquered. It also shows how society usually places the undesirable members at the bottom of the chain of command, even though they may be entitled to a higher social status. For example, the beginning of the play opens with a sceneRead MoreThe Tempest - Relationship Between Prospero and Caliban1667 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare uses to present the relationship between Prospero and Caliban. ‘The Tempest’ was the last play written by Shakespeare and is widely regarded to be his greatest play. ‘The Tempest’ is thought to have been written about the year 1610. All of Shakespeare’s previously used genres are in the play: romance, tragedy, comedy and history. ‘The Tempest’ adheres to the three classical unities, unity of time, action and place. ‘The Tempest’ takes place in a twenty-four hour time period which abides byRead MoreProsperos Relationship with Caliban and Colonialism in The Tempest1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe relationship between Prospero and Caliban is a perfect demonstration of the dependence relationship between a coloniser and the native of whichever colony he set his eye upon. Colonialism was a subject easily related to by Shakespeares contemporary audience; with James on the throne the British Empire was beginning to thrive and would soon become the largest in not only the 17th Century world, but o ne of the largest in history. At the time The Tempest was first preformed, 1611, Britain hadRead MoreCaliban in The Tempest by William Shakespeare Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesCaliban in The Tempest by William Shakespeare Caliban is very important to The Tempest. He is as a prominent link between the audience and play. Elizabethan theatre was more like a football match that theatre, as we know it today. There were raucous crowds who would have particularly liked having a monster they could jeer at. Therefore Caliban would have been a central character to the lower class character, as they could feel superior to him in a very class determined

The American Of The United States - 817 Words

Induction From before its begins the Untied States has been a nation of immigrants. In 1607 the Virginia company of London sent a 34 Man crew to the new world efforts to find new land. These first ever settlers were the first immigrants to enter the Untied States. Immigrates would continue to flow into the US till the late 1800’s when the first immigration policies were created. The first immigrants to come to the US were seeking economic opportunities. However, because the price of passage was steep, about half or more of the white Europeans who made the voyage did so by becoming servants to large companies. As whites were the first to come to America and continued to be the dominate group this would fuel later issues in immigration. Another group of immigrants who arrived against their will during the colonial period were black slaves from West Africa. The earliest records of slavery in America include a group of approximately 20 Africans who were forced into Jamestown in 1619. By 1680, there were some 7,000 African slaves in the American colonies, a number that ballooned to 700,000 by 1790. Congress outlawed the importation of slaves to the United States as of 1808, but the practice continued. Continuing after the civil war major immigration restated. The United States received around 5 million German immigrants. Many of these new immigrants journeyed to the Midwest to buy farms. In the national census of 2000, more Americans claimed German ancestry than any otherShow MoreRelatedThe American Of The United States778 Words   |  4 PagesInduction From before it begins the Untied States has been a nation of immigrants. In 1607 the Virginia company of London sent a 34 Man crew to the new world efforts to find new land. These first ever settlers were the first immigrants to enter the Untied States. Immigrates would continue to flow into the US till the late 1800’s when the first immigration policies were created. The first immigrants to come to the US were seeking economic opportunities. However, because the price of passage wasRead MoreThe American Of The United States1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is one of the largest countries that are made up of individuals from diverse origins and cultures. In addition, most foreigners from the other parts of the world migrated to the U.S, or become American citizens under different circumstances, especially during the 18th, 19th and the 20th centuries. Black Americans for example, arose in the American culture as a result of the numerous Africans who were being sold to the whites in order for them to work in the cotton and pyrethrumRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrated, women from Central America left their homes to seek employment in the United States for domestic work for a variety of reasons and factors. During the 1960s and 1970s the demographics of migrants from Central America start ed to shift. Originally men were the primary immigrants to migrate to the United States for jobs in agriculture. However, as the openings in the domestic work industry formed, Central American women started to pioneer their own labor migration. An example of this can beRead MoreThe American Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagescentury, the United States government made it their mission to expend from the east coast all the way to the west coast. Unfortunately the lands they wanted to expand into were already claimed by the natives that settled there centuries before. In order to deal with this obstacle, The united states’ government used many strategies to combat what was referred to as the ‘indian problem’ including: confiscating their lands, relocating the to reservations and killing them .The United States went againstRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesWhenever one finds themselves involved in the age-old debat e of whether citizens of the United States, are greedy or generous, their arguments are usually fueled by opinion rather than fact. The fact of the matter is, that citizens of the United States on average are magnanimous people. The evidence to support this claim is that American citizen’s rank 2nd in the world in charity, the fact that most Americans are generous because of their moral and religious upbringings, and that generosity makesRead MoreThe American Of The United States1081 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States has always been a progressive nation from its start in the 1700s and eventual revolution against the British. After a rocky start as an independent nation, the U.S. began to expand create its own laws and ideas of democracy as well as trade throughout the world. Much of this intercultural trading and exploration of Manifest Destiny allowed the U.S. to grow economically, culturally, physically, and politically. Emerging as one of the more powerful nations, t he U.S. became a brightRead MoreThe American Of The United States1022 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. Life in the United States began to return to normal. Soldiers began to come home and find peacetime jobs. Industry stopped producing war equipment and began to produce goods that made peacetime life pleasant. The American economy was stronger than ever. Some major changes began to take place in the American population. Many Americans were not satisfied with their old ways of life. They wanted something better. And many people wereRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American colonies declared themselves independent from on their mother country, Britain, on July 4, 1776, they sought to devise a plan to govern themselves without the constraints that had been imposed on them leading to their detachment. Prominent leaders in the thirteen colonies worked together to strike the perfect b alance between the rights of the federal government and the rights of the states. On June 12, 1776, a committee was formed to put together a document that would bring togetherRead MoreThe American Of The United States1192 Words   |  5 Pagesassociations designed to promote the interests of particular groups—debtors, farmers, artisans, seaman (74)† were emerging throughout the states. In order to get their points across, they frequently resorted to vigilante methods. As soon as the war stopped, trade with the British seemed to start where it left off. British ships clogged American harbors and traders offered Americans low, easy credit. All classes lived in moderate luxury even if they could not afford it. Those still committed to the ideal ofRead MoreThe American Of The United States891 Words   |  4 Pagesjust like Americans seeking a better way to provide for their families. In Cuba, the average rate a day is approximately 466 pesos, and equals about $22 a day in the U.S. (http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=97506) If an American made $22 dollars a day they would certainly consider it to be the complete opposite of rightfulness. Costs are through the roof and owning anything would be out of the question. Although, Cubans are a small percentage of the U.S population they still migrate to the states by the

Elian Gonzalez Essay Research Paper It began free essay sample

Elian Gonzalez Essay, Research Paper It began on Thanksgiving twenty-four hours, in November, 1999, when two fisherman pulled the organic structure of a five twelvemonth old Cuban boy out of the Waterss off the seashore of Florida. The male child was Elian Gonzalez. He was one of three subsisters of a group of Cuban refugees seeking political refuge and freedom from communist Cuba under Fidel Castro # 8217 ; s regulation. Elian # 8217 ; s female parent, Elisabeth Brotons, along with her common-law hubby and nine others, drowned when the boat transporting them to the United States capsized and sank. Elisabeth Broton # 8217 ; s hubby, Lazaro Munero, was seemingly seeking to smuggle his household and the others into the United States, bear downing the others one-thousand dollars for the trip. When the boat took on H2O, two big truck innertubes were used as floatation devices in an effort to stay alive. After more than a twenty-four hours adrift at sea, Elian was found entirely cleaving to one of the innertubes off shore near Fort Lauderdale. He was dehydrated, sun-stricken, and emotionally scarred from watching those around him die in the huge ocean ; but he was alive. Elian was released into the impermanent detention of his granduncle, Lazaro Gonzalez, after being released from Joe Dimmaggio Children # 8217 ; s Hospital in Hollywood, Florida. Lazaro Gonzalez, along with his girl, Marisleysis Gonzalez, brought Elian to their South Florida place in Miami # 8217 ; s Small Havana subdivision to shelter him from media attending until future agreements affecting his male parent could be made. # 8220 ; God wanted him here for freedom, # 8221 ; said Elian # 8217 ; s second-cousin Marisleysis, # 8220 ; And he # 8217 ; s here and he will acquire it. # 8221 ; Meanwhile back in Cuba, Elian # 8217 ; s natural male parent, Juan Miguel Gonzalez, began bespeaking the return of his boy. He strongly disapproved refuge for his boy and stated that his wants should be respected over that of the Miami comparative # 8217 ; s. Thus begins the bi-cultural, political tug-of-war between a household that is spliting a state and finding the hereafter of a immature male child. Back on December 10, 1999, in Dallas, Texas, a petition for political refuge was made by the lawyers of Elian Gonzalez. In it, they stated that Elian has a # 8220 ; good founded fright of persecution # 8221 ; if returned to communist Cuba. The refuge petition would hopefully vouch the stay of Elian in the United States for a few months until his hearing is complete. # 8220 ; Our apprehension of the jurisprudence is, he should non be removed from this state until he has had a full and just refuge hearing, # 8221 ; Elian lawyer Roger Bernstien said. But Elian # 8217 ; s application for political refuge could non be heard until his admittances application became resolved, which was supposed to be completed on December 23. In Cuba, mass presentations took topographic point in Havana every bit good as 14 other metropoliss demanding the return of Elian to his fatherland and his male parent. Meanwhile, the United States continued to inform Juan Miguel Gonzalez of U.S. in-migration Torahs so that he could seek to repossess his boy. Both federal and international jurisprudence favor the rights of the lasting parent over that of the purposes of the asleep parent or the rights of any other relation. After hebdomads of uncertainness about the destiny of Elian, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, along with Attorney General Janet Reno, ruled that the male child # 8217 ; s father be granted detention and that he be returned to Cuba on Friday, January 14. The INS originally granted impermanent detention of Elian to his granduncle, Lazaro Gonzalez, in Miami until agreements with the male child # 8217 ; s natural male parent, Lazaro Gonzalez # 8217 ; s nephew, could be made. The Miami relations, nevertheless, feel that the kid # 8217 ; s best involvements can merely be met here in the United States and are contending for detention in order to seek refuge for Elian to stay on U.S. dirt. Juan Miguel greatly disapproved of any effort of his Miami relatives to seek refuge saying that they have no claim to detention and that Elian was being # 8220 ; kidnapped # 8221 ; by them. On January 11, 2000, the legal issues affecting Elian Gonzalez became even more complicated when Miami-Dade County Circuit Judge Rosa Rodriguez granted exigency impermanent detention to Lazaro Gonzalez enabling him to get off, overnight, a 2nd petition for refuge on Elian # 8217 ; s behalf. This opinion came merely yearss before Elian # 8217 ; s scheduled return to Cuba. Judge Rodriguez ruled that Elian remain with his Miami relatives until March 6 when the tribunal will hear arguements from Lazaro Gonzalez. Rodriguez felt that Elian would confront # 8220 ; at hand and irreparable injury # 8221 ; if returned to Cuba. She besides included, a # 8220 ; loss of due procedure rights and injury to his physical and mental wellness and emotional well-being. # 8221 ; Judge Rodriguez besides ordered Juan Miguel Gonzalez to look at the March 6 hearing even though he has refused to go to the United States in the yesteryear. The complicating affair is that Judge Rodriguez may non even hold had legal power to govern on the instance. Harmonizing to a 1997 alteration of United States in-migration jurisprudence, a province tribunal is required to have permission of the U.S. lawyer general before interveining in instances affecting kids under INS detention. Since Elian is lawfully still in the detention of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Attorney General Janet Reno may render Rodriguez # 8217 ; s determination nothing and reject the 2nd petition for refuge. If that occurred, so Lazaro Gonzalez would hold had no legal standing to move for Elian. Judge Rosa Rodriguez was besides placed under examination after admiting that a political adviser for Elian # 8217 ; s cause, Armando Gutierrez, was a paid adviser in her 1998 judicial run. Legal experts feel that she should hold disclosed that information beforehand. Others feel that Rodriguez should hold refused the instance wholly. Reguardless, the political firestorm in the tribunals over where Elian belongs was set in gesture. United States Attorney General Janet Reno responded to the household tribunal justice # 8217 ; s opinion by saying that it # 8220 ; has no force or consequence, # 8221 ; and challenged Elian # 8217 ; s lawyers to appeal her opinion to the federal tribunal of entreaties. She besides lifted the Friday, January 14 deadline to let clip for tribunal proceedings ; but did non put a new deadline. Government functionaries besides stressed holding no purpose of forcibly taking Elian. In return, the Miami household # 8217 ; s lawyer, Spencer Eig, filed a federal case on January 19 on behalf of Elian. Legal experts said the opportunities of Elian # 8217 ; s lawyers winning in federal tribunal are slim since affairs of in-migration enforcement are deferred to the lawyer general. Back in the Little Havana subdivision of Miami, where the household of Lazaro Gonzalez lives, public support for Elian to remain grew. The protagonists felt that all they needed was some clip until Congress reconvened on January 24 and considered a particular measure allowing Elian legal position in the United States. The measure would finally take any INS legal power, leting Lazaro Gonzalez to seek detention at the province degree. Both of Florida # 8217 ; s senators, Republican Connie Mack, a protagonist of Elian # 8217 ; s cause, and Democrat Bob Graham, have urged the INS non to move until Congress can take the issue up. Yet particular in-migration measures have merely had a one per centum success rate in the yesteryear. And even if such a measure is passed, it has to be ratified by President Clinton who favors the INS # 8217 ; s determination of returning Elian. Castro # 8217 ; s authorities condemned the opinion while the people of Cuba one time once more protested, mentioning to Cuban refugees in America as animals. A planned trip to the United States from Cuba by Elian # 8217 ; s grandmas took topographic point on January 28 when they met with Janet Reno to discourse a visit with Elian. The meeting eventually took topographic point at the place of Barry University President Sister Jeanne O # 8217 ; Laughlin of Miami. Both sides of the household wanted a impersonal location off from media attending. Sister Jeanne O # 8217 ; Laughlin, who remained a impersonal party on the Elian difference, changed her head in favour of Elian staying in the U.S. after hosting the meeting with the grandmas. She noted feeling fright in the two, while the grandmas stated holding no privateness with the male child and excessively many interuptions. The grandma # 8217 ; s cell phones were even confiscated as a status of the meeting. Because of turning legal concerns, the Miami relatives cancelled a meeting with Attorney General Janet Reno on February 9. Alternatively, Marisleysis Gonzalez and Georgina Cid, both second-cousins to Elian, lobbied on Capital Hill for support of the Elian measure to allow citizenship or lasting residence. March 9, 2000 was the much anticipated day of the month that would find the destiny of Elian Gonzalez. Lazaro Gonzalez and his girl Marisleysis, along with other Miami relations, were eventually back in tribunal to coerce the INS to give Elian a political refuge hearing antecedently denied. This clip the household # 8217 ; s statements were heard at the federal degree and U.S. District Judge K. Michael Moore presided. On this day of the month, no opinion was made and the justice recessed the tribunal without a determination until Tuesday, March 21. In his opinion, Judge Moore steadfastly upheld United States Attorney General Janet Reno # 8217 ; s determination to return Elian to his male parent in Cuba. He dismissed the instance and stated, # 8220 ; Each passing twenty-four hours is another twenty-four hours lost between Juan Miguel and his son. # 8221 ; The Federal Court # 8217 ; s opinion sparked a media craze covering every minute facet of Elian and his Miami relations. By this clip, the intelligence media had been bivouacing out in multitudes outside the Little Havana place of Elian # 8217 ; s relatives questioning everyone from legal experts to child phychiatrists. Marisleysis Gonzalez shocked viewing audiences of CNN # 8217 ; s Talkback Live when she walked across the street of her Miami place to a unrecorded broadcast to react to remarks made by New York head-shrinker Dr. Preston Wiles. Dr. Wiles was one of many head-shrinkers theorizing on the best involvements of Elian and exasperating the household. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s really easy to be outside of a state of affairs and speak non cognizing what this small male child went through, # 8221 ; exasperated Marisleysis. In the yearss to follow, Marisleysis Gonzalez would be admitted to the infirmary for a 2nd clip due to emphasize related unwellnesss. Public support in the Small Havana community grew as demonstrators from the anti-Castro group, the Democracy Movement, linked weaponries and practiced non-violent opposition techniques. Ramon Saul Sanchez, caput of the Democracy Movement, said, # 8220 ; We will non allow Elian # 8217 ; s civil rights be violated # 8230 ; We are non willing to harm anyone, but we are willing to decease to support the constitutional rights of Elian Gonzalez. # 8221 ; After months of declining to come to the United States to decide issues with his boy, Juan Miguel Gonzalez applied for a visa to come and recover Elian. Through his lawyer, Gregory Craig, Juan Miguel arranged to remain in the state until the entreaties procedure is complete. The 11th U.S. Curcuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta has scheduled the instance for May 11. Negotiations between the Miami household and the INS ended with no understanding. INS functionaries wanted a signed statement from Lazaro Gonzalez assuring to manus Elian over if he lost his instance in the entreaties tribunal. Lazaro Gonzalez refused. Alternatively, he pleaded with Juan Miguel to come to Miami to run into with Elian in a household environment. In a statement released, he said, # 8220 ; We appeal to Juan Miguel to come to our place with his married woman and boy and sit with us around the household tabular array. We want no authorities functionaries, no attorneies, and no imperativeness, merely family. # 8221 ; The relations besides said that they were no longer willing to manus over Elian to his male parent but would non defy if the authorities tried to take him from their place. Meanwhile, on Friday, March 31, the Florida House of Representatives passed a declaration that urged the Justice Department to maintain Elian in U.S. detention until he can petition for political refuge, giving the household of Lazaro Gonzalez new hope of deriving detention of Elian and maintaining him here in the United States. One hebdomad subsequently, Juan Miguel Gonzalez arrived at Washington Dulles International Airport with his married woman, Nercy Carmenate Castillo, and boy Hianny. He immediatly met with Attorney General Janet Reno, INS Commissioner Doris Meissner and other functionaries at the Justice Department. During the April 6 meeting, which lasted an hr, Reno was moved by Juan Miguel # 8217 ; s supplication for the return of his boy. This prompted the immediate fashioning of a program to forcibly take detention of Elian. Later, Reno besides repeated an offer made to the household a hebdomad before. The offer gave the Miami household two options ; instantly turn Elian over to his male parent and she will seek to hold them stay in the U.S. while the entreaties procedure over in-migration position and detention continue ; or maintain the male child until federal United States Marshals Services seize him, but there will be no authorities attempt to forestall Juan Miguel and Elian from returning to Cuba before the entreaties procedure is over. Cuban-Americans, whose Numberss reached the 100s outside the Miami place, view the recent determination as an act of treachery by the federal authorities. Many expatriates feel that the victor here is non the American authorities or Elian, but Fidel Castro and his Communist government. Cuban-American Ledia Chavez who supported Lazaro disgustedly stated, # 8220 ; We knew Castro had the power in Cuba, but we didn # 8217 ; T cognize he had it here, too. # 8221 ; Janet Reno sympathized with the community # 8217 ; s feelings in a statement by naming Castro # 8220 ; a dictator from whom 1000s have fled. # 8221 ; Governor Jeb Bush showed his acknowledgment of the emotion by noticing, # 8220 ; I think a batch of people are passionate about this because they have suffered at the custodies of Fidel Castro. # 8221 ; These passions, nevertheless, may be the cause of some political agitation between the Miami-Washington confederation. Experts say that Cuban-Americans in Miami stand to los e some of their lobbying power after holding noteworthy influence over U.S. policy on Cuba. In the yesteryear, Congress tended to look to Cuban-Americans for counsel and leading. As for the governmental facet, Attorney General Janet Reno and Vice President Al Gore are at hazard of losing favour in the eyes of the Miamians. # 8220 ; The political monetary value for Democrats could be a Florida Senate place and Florida # 8217 ; s 25 electoral ballots, # 8221 ; explains associate professor Dario Moreno at Florida International University. Cuban-Americans represent a little part of the electorate, but they vote in big Numberss in provinces that make a difference in close elections. Political experts besides recognition Cuban-Americans with holding changeless and intense lobbying attempts. Democratic presidential campaigner Al Gore, who tends to lose the most from the unrest in Miami, is at hazard of losing much needed support. His positions have seemed contradictory as the Elian saga evolved. First, Gore agreed with the INS determination saying that the struggle should be handled by federal functionaries. Then, fearing worsening support from the Cuban-American community, Al Gore reasserted his disassociation with the Clinton disposal and Attorney General Janet Reno and the INS. Gore now supported Congress to go through a measure sponsored by Senator Bob Graham, Democrat-Florida, that would allow lasting residence position in the United States to Elian, his male parent, step-mother, brother, grandmas, and gramps. However, on April 7 when Gore campaigned in Fort Lauderdale, he remained soundless on the Elian difference and made no mentions at all as to his place on the affair. Alternatively, Gore talked about insurance coverage for preventives and other wellness attenti on issues with the invitation merely assemblage. He besides avoided discoursing the instance by call offing a fund-raiser in Miami. With so many factors involved in the Elian Gonzalez detention difference, it # 8217 ; s hard non to hold an sentiment. Every side has their ain position of what # 8217 ; s right and can endorse up their claims with legitamate and true grounds. Each has protagonists that feel the emotions of the households merely every bit much as the households themselves. But with all the attending over the United States tribunals, authorities functionaries, and Fidel Castro as to who # 8217 ; s making what, when and why, are we losing sight over who is truly of import and what is genuinely at interest? Elian # 8217 ; s life was greatly impacted by the Miami relations after tragically losing his female parent. Now he is at hazard of losing the lone stableness he has known for the past five months, but is that plenty to maintain a male child from his male parent? Either manner, Elian will lose since the opportunities of both sides of the household of all time coming together agian to do some sort understanding are practically zero. Possibly Elian would hold a better life and more chances in the United States, but he would non hold a better life being separated from his male parent. Whatever the result, the peoples of both the United States of America and Cuba will be greatly impacted for old ages to come beca usage of a male child named Elian.It began on Thanksgiving twenty-four hours, in November, 1999, when two fisherman pulled the organic structure of a five twelvemonth old Cuban boy out of the Waterss off the seashore of Florida. The male child was Elian Gonzalez. He was one of three subsisters of a group of Cuban refugees seeking political refuge and freedom from communist Cuba under Fidel Castro’s regulation. Elian’s female parent, Elisabeth Brotons, along with her common-law hubby and nine others, drowned when the boat transporting them to the United States capsized and sank. Elisabeth Broton’s hubby, Lazaro Munero, was seemingly seeking to smuggle his household and the others into the United States, bear downing the others one-thousand dollars for the trip. When the boat took on H2O, two big truck innertubes were used as floatation devices in an effort to stay alive. After more than a twenty-four hours adrift at sea, Elian was found entirely cleaving to one of the innertubes off shore near Fort Lauderdale. He was dehydrated, sun-stricken, and emotionally scarred from watching those around him die in the huge ocean ; but he was alive. Elian was released into the impermanent detention of his granduncle, Lazaro Gonzalez, after being released from Joe Dimmaggio Children # 8217 ; s Hospital in Hollywood, Florida. Lazaro Gonzalez, along with his girl, Marisleysis Gonzalez, brought Elian to their South Florida place in Miami # 8217 ; s Small Havana subdivision to shelter him from media attending until future agreements affecting his male parent could be made. # 8220 ; God wanted him here for freedom, # 8221 ; said Elian # 8217 ; s second-cousin Marisleysis, # 8220 ; And he # 8217 ; s here and he will acquire it. # 8221 ; Meanwhile back in Cuba, Elian # 8217 ; s natural male parent, Juan Miguel Gonzalez, began bespeaking the return of his boy. He strongly disapproved refuge for his boy and stated that his wants should be respected over that of the Miami comparative # 8217 ; s. Thus begins the bi-cultural, political tug-of-war between a household that is spliting a state and finding the hereafter of a immature male child. Back on December 10, 1999, in Dallas, Texas, a petition for political refuge was made by the lawyers of Elian Gonzalez. In it, they stated that Elian has a # 8220 ; good founded fright of persecution # 8221 ; if returned to communist Cuba. The refuge petition would hopefully vouch the stay of Elian in the United States for a few months until his hearing is complete. # 8220 ; Our apprehension of the jurisprudence is, he should non be removed from this state until he has had a full and just refuge hearing, # 8221 ; Elian lawyer Roger Bernstien said. But Elian # 8217 ; s application for political refuge could non be heard until his admittances application became resolved, which was supposed to be completed on December 23. In Cuba, mass presentations took topographic point in Havana every bit good as 14 other metropoliss demanding the return of Elian to his fatherland and his male parent. Meanwhile, the United States continued to inform Juan Miguel Gonzalez of U.S. in-migration Torahs so that he could seek to repossess his boy. Both federal and international jurisprudence favor the rights of the lasting parent over that of the purposes of the asleep parent or the rights of any other relation. After hebdomads of uncertainness about the destiny of Elian, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, along with Attorney General Janet Reno, ruled that the male child # 8217 ; s father be granted detention and that he be returned to Cuba on Friday, January 14. The INS originally granted impermanent detention of Elian to his granduncle, Lazaro Gonzalez, in Miami until agreements with the male child # 8217 ; s natural male parent, Lazaro Gonzalez # 8217 ; s nephew, could be made. The Miami relations, nevertheless, feel that the kid # 8217 ; s best involvements can merely be met here in the United States and are contending for detention in order to seek refuge for Elian to stay on U.S. dirt. Juan Miguel greatly disapproved of any effort of his Miami relatives to seek refuge saying that they have no claim to detention and that Elian was being # 8220 ; kidnapped # 8221 ; by them. On January 11, 2000, the legal issues affecting Elian Gonzalez became even more complicated when Miami-Dade County Circuit Judge Rosa Rodriguez granted exigency impermanent detention to Lazaro Gonzalez enabling him to get off, overnight, a 2nd petition for refuge on Elian # 8217 ; s behalf. This opinion came merely yearss before Elian # 8217 ; s scheduled return to Cuba. Judge Rodriguez ruled that Elian remain with his Miami relatives until March 6 when the tribunal will hear arguements from Lazaro Gonzalez. Rodriguez felt that Elian would confront # 8220 ; at hand and irreparable injury # 8221 ; if returned to Cuba. She besides included, a # 8220 ; loss of due procedure rights and injury to his physical and mental wellness and emotional well-being. # 8221 ; Judge Rodriguez besides ordered Juan Miguel Gonzalez to look at the March 6 hearing even though he has refused to go to the United States in the yesteryear. The complicating affair is that Judge Rodriguez may non even hold had legal power to govern on the instance. Harmonizing to a 1997 alteration of United States in-migration jurisprudence, a province tribunal is required to have permission of the U.S. lawyer general before interveining in instances affecting kids under INS detention. Since Elian is lawfully still in the detention of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Attorney General Janet Reno may render Rodriguez # 8217 ; s determination nothing and reject the 2nd petition for refuge. If that occurred, so Lazaro Gonzalez would hold had no legal standing to move for Elian. Judge Rosa Rodriguez was besides placed under examination after admiting that a political adviser for Elian # 8217 ; s cause, Armando Gutierrez, was a paid adviser in her 1998 judicial run. Legal experts feel that she should hold disclosed that information beforehand. Others feel that Rodriguez should hold refused the instance wholly. Reguardless, the political firestorm in the tribunals over where Elian belongs was set in gesture. United States Attorney General Janet Reno responded to the household tribunal justice # 8217 ; s opinion by saying that it # 8220 ; has no force or consequence, # 8221 ; and challenged Elian # 8217 ; s lawyers to appeal her opinion to the federal tribunal of entreaties. She besides lifted the Friday, January 14 deadline to let clip for tribunal proceedings ; but did non put a new deadline. Government functionaries besides stressed holding no purpose of forcibly taking Elian. In return, the Miami household # 8217 ; s lawyer, Spencer Eig, filed a federal case on January 19 on behalf of Elian. Legal experts said the opportunities of Elian # 8217 ; s lawyers winning in federal tribunal are slim since affairs of in-migration enforcement are deferred to the lawyer general. Back in the Little Havana subdivision of Miami, where the household of Lazaro Gonzalez lives, public support for Elian to remain grew. The protagonists felt that all they needed was some clip until Congress reconvened on January 24 and considered a particular measure allowing Elian legal position in the United States. The measure would finally take any INS legal power, leting Lazaro Gonzalez to seek detention at the province degree. Both of Florida # 8217 ; s senators, Republican Connie Mack, a protagonist of Elian # 8217 ; s cause, and Democrat Bob Graham, have urged the INS non to move until Congress can take the issue up. Yet particular in-migration measures have merely had a one per centum success rate in the yesteryear. And even if such a measure is passed, it has to be ratified by President Clinton who favors the INS # 8217 ; s determination of returning Elian. Castro # 8217 ; s authorities condemned the opinion while the people of Cuba one time once more protested, mentioning to Cuban refugees in America as animals. A planned trip to the United States from Cuba by Elian # 8217 ; s grandmas took topographic point on January 28 when they met with Janet Reno to discourse a visit with Elian. The meeting eventually took topographic point at the place of Barry University President Sister Jeanne O # 8217 ; Laughlin of Miami. Both sides of the household wanted a impersonal location off from media attending. Sister Jeanne O # 8217 ; Laughlin, who remained a impersonal party on the Elian difference, changed her head in favour of Elian staying in the U.S. after hosting the meeting with the grandmas. She noted feeling fright in the two, while the grandmas stated holding no privateness with the male child and excessively many interuptions. The grandma # 8217 ; s cell phones were even confiscated as a status of the meeting. Because of turning legal concerns, the Miami relatives cancelled a meeting with Attorney General Janet Reno on February 9. Alternatively, Marisleysis Gonzalez and Georgina Cid, both second-cousins to Elian, lobbied on Capital Hill for support of the Elian measure to allow citizenship or lasting residence. March 9, 2000 was the much anticipated day of the month that would find the destiny of Elian Gonzalez. Lazaro Gonzalez and his girl Marisleysis, along with other Miami relations, were eventually back in tribunal to coerce the INS to give Elian a political refuge hearing antecedently denied. This clip the household # 8217 ; s statements were heard at the federal degree and U.S. District Judge K. Michael Moore presided. On this day of the month, no opinion was made and the justice recessed the tribunal without a determination until Tuesday, March 21. In his opinion, Judge Moore steadfastly upheld United States Attorney General Janet Reno # 8217 ; s determination to return Elian to his male parent in Cuba. He dismissed the instance and stated, # 8220 ; Each passing twenty-four hours is another twenty-four hours lost between Juan Miguel and his son. # 8221 ; The Federal Court # 8217 ; s opinion sparked a media craze covering every minute facet of Elian and his Miami relations. By this clip, the intelligence media had been bivouacing out in multitudes outside the Little Havana place of Elian # 8217 ; s relatives questioning everyone from legal experts to child phychiatrists. Marisleysis Gonzalez shocked viewing audiences of CNN # 8217 ; s Talkback Live when she walked across the street of her Miami place to a unrecorded broadcast to react to remarks made by New York head-shrinker Dr. Preston Wiles. Dr. Wiles was one of many head-shrinkers theorizing on the best involvements of Elian and exasperating the household. # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s really easy to be outside of a state of affairs and speak non cognizing what this small male child went through, # 8221 ; exasperated Marisleysis. In the yearss to follow, Marisleysis Gonzalez would be admitted to the infirmary for a 2nd clip due to emphasize related unwellnesss. Public support in the Small Havana community grew as demonstrators from the anti-Castro group, the Democracy Movement, linked weaponries and practiced non-violent opposition techniques. Ramon Saul Sanchez, caput of the Democracy Movement, said, # 8220 ; We will non allow Elian # 8217 ; s civil rights be violated # 8230 ; We are non willing to harm anyone, but we are willing to decease to support the constitutional rights of Elian Gonzalez. # 8221 ; After months of declining to come to the United States to decide issues with his boy, Juan Miguel Gonzalez applied for a visa to come and recover Elian. Through his lawyer, Gregory Craig, Juan Miguel arranged to remain in the state until the entreaties procedure is complete. The 11th U.S. Curcuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta has scheduled the instance for May 11. Negotiations between the Miami household and the INS ended with no understanding. INS functionaries wanted a signed statement from Lazaro Gonzalez assuring to manus Elian over if he lost his instance in the entreaties tribunal. Lazaro Gonzalez refused. Alternatively, he pleaded with Juan Miguel to come to Miami to run into with Elian in a household environment. In a statement released, he said, # 8220 ; We appeal to Juan Miguel to come to our place with his married woman and boy and sit with us around the household tabular array. We want no authorities functionaries, no attorneies, and no imperativeness, merely family. # 8221 ; The relations besides said that they were no longer willing to manus over Elian to his male parent but would non defy if the authorities tried to take him from their place. Meanwhile, on Friday, March 31, the Florida House of Representatives passed a declaration that urged the Justice Department to maintain Elian in U.S. detention until he can petition for political refuge, giving the household of Lazaro Gonzalez new hope of deriving detention of Elian and maintaining him here in the United States. One hebdomad subsequently, Juan Miguel Gonzalez arrived at Washington Dulles International Airport with his married woman, Nercy Carmenate Castillo, and boy Hianny. He immediatly met with Attorney General Janet Reno, INS Commissioner Doris Meissner and other functionaries at the Justice Department. During the April 6 meeting, which lasted an hr, Reno was moved by Juan Miguel # 8217 ; s supplication for the return of his boy. This prompted the immediate fashioning of a program to forcibly take detention of Elian. Later, Reno besides repeated an offer made to the household a hebdomad before. The offer gave the Miami household two options ; instantly turn Elian over to his male parent and she will seek to hold them stay in the U.S. while the entreaties procedure over in-migration position and detention continue ; or maintain the male child until federal United States Marshals Services seize him, but there will be no authorities attempt to forestall Juan Miguel and Elian from returning to Cuba before the entreaties procedure is over. Cuban-Americans, whose Numberss reached the 100s outside the Miami place, view the recent determination as an act of treachery by the federal authorities. Many expatriates feel that the victor here is non the American authorities or Elian, but Fidel Castro and his Communist government. Cuban-American Ledia Chavez who supported Lazaro disgustedly stated, # 8220 ; We knew Castro had the power in Cuba, but we didn # 8217 ; T cognize he had it here, too. # 8221 ; Janet Reno sympathized with the community # 8217 ; s feelings in a statement by naming Castro # 8220 ; a dictator from whom 1000s have fled. # 8221 ; Governor Jeb Bush showed his acknowledgment of the emotion by noticing, # 8220 ; I think a batch of people are passionate about this because they have suffered at the custodies of Fidel Castro. # 8221 ; These passions, nevertheless, may be the cause of some political agitation between the Miami-Washington confederation. Experts say that Cuban-Americans in Miami stand to los e some of their lobbying power after holding noteworthy influence over U.S. policy on Cuba. In the yesteryear, Congress tended to look to Cuban-Americans for counsel and leading. As for the governmental facet, Attorney General Janet Reno and Vice President Al Gore are at hazard of losing favour in the eyes of the Miamians. # 8220 ; The political monetary value for Democrats could be a Florida Senate place and Florida # 8217 ; s 25 electoral ballots, # 8221 ; explains associate professor Dario Moreno at Florida International University. Cuban-Americans represent a little part of the electorate, but they vote in big Numberss in provinces that make a difference in close elections. Political experts besides recognition Cuban-Americans with holding changeless and intense lobbying attempts. Democratic presidential campaigner Al Gore, who tends to lose the most from the unrest in Miami, is at hazard of losing much needed support. His positions have seemed contradictory as the Elian saga evolved. First, Gore agreed with the INS determination saying that the struggle should be handled by federal functionaries. Then, fearing worsening support from the Cuban-American community, Al Gore reasserted his disassociation with the Clinton disposal and Attorney General Janet Reno and the INS. Gore now supported Congress to go through a measure sponsored by Senator Bob Graham, Democrat-Florida, that would allow lasting residence position in the United States to Elian, his male parent, step-mother, brother, grandmas, and gramps. However, on April 7 when Gore campaigned in Fort Lauderdale, he remained soundless on the Elian difference and made no mentions at all as to his place on the affair. Alternatively, Gore talked about insurance coverage for preventives and other wellness attenti on issues with the invitation merely assemblage. He besides avoided discoursing the instance by call offing a fund-raiser in Miami. With so many factors involved in the Elian Gonzalez detention difference, it # 8217 ; s hard non to hold an sentiment. Every side has their ain position of what # 8217 ; s right and can endorse up their claims with legitamate and true grounds. Each has protagonists that feel the emotions of the households merely every bit much as the households themselves. But with all the attending over the United States tribunals, authorities functionaries, and Fidel Castro as to who # 8217 ; s making what, when and why, are we losing sight over who is truly of import and what is genuinely at interest? Elian # 8217 ; s life was greatly impacted by the Miami relations after tragically losing his female parent. Now he is at hazard of losing the lone stableness he has known for the past five months, but is that plenty to maintain a male child from his male parent? Either manner, Elian will lose since the opportunities of both sides of the household of all time coming together agian to do some sort understanding are practically zero. Possibly Elian would hold a better life and more chances in the United States, but he would non hold a better life being separated from his male parent. Whatever the result, the peoples of both the United States of America and Cuba will be greatly impacted for old ages to come because of a male child named Elian.

Understanding Contemporary Organization of EMP †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Contemporary Organization of EMP. Answer: Introduction EMP is a multinational gold company which has its headquarter in Australia and is one of the listed companies in the Stock exchange. The mines of the companies operate successfully in five countries. The company has substantial gold reserves that will provide 30 years of production. As per the financial forecasts, the company will generate good cash margins by providing high quality gold assets. The main emphasis of the company is long-term value creation, which will be done by reducing the costs, increasing the reserves and production with the help of efficient use of capita (Joyce Paquin, 2016). The company has seven mines that are managed separately as profit centers. EMP also operates through joint ventures and currently the company has two mines of joint ventures in Asia and South America. Discussion: Business Canvas Model Key partners Suppliers, who provide mining equipments and tools and vehicles like trucks used for mining and exploration distributors, local and national authorities Key activities Spanning, exploration, mining and marketing of the finished products Value Proposition Focus on each stage of production. Increasing gold reserves and cost effectiveness Customer segments Merchants, local and international smelters, customers of Australia, Asia and Europe Customer relationships Focusing on quality and ensuring the customers to provide the best quality Key Resources Tools used for mining, drilling, exploration, trucks, funds and skilled labor force Channels Cost structure Salaries, wages, cost of equipments and tools, cost for operations like exploration, mining and spanning Revenue Streams Selling the finished gold products to the five countries where the company operates. Key partners- Key partners of the company are the suppliers who provide vehicles and trucks for mining activities, suppliers, who provide equipments used for the mining. Gold concentrates are transferred to the refineries and smelters for further refining and smelting. The owners of these refineries and smelters are the partners of the company. The lawyers are the legal partners who would help in legal matters like licensing that are required for any business. Other partners include distributors who would be distributing the processed gold product to the end users. Key activities- The activities start with finding the right site that is rich in the gold ores. Another major activity is setting up the site for routine mining activities. Generally, the refining and smelting of the washed ores are done in separate refineries. Finally, the gold ores are processed to make finished gold that can be sold or further used for other purposes (Shafritz, Ott Jang, 2015). Key resources- The key resource of the company include, land that is rich in gold ores, mining equipments, vehicles like, trucks, fund to hire employees. Since the mining activity is both capital and labor intensive, adequate amount of funds and labor are required for carrying out the mining activity. Apart from the manpower required at mining site, a large number of skilled employees are required for carrying out smelting and refining activities. Therefore, skilled workforce is required at refineries as well. Value proposition- The company creates value by focusing on quality, which is gained by focusing in each and every step that is involved in the processing of the gold ores. EMP believes that building good relationship with the employees should be built on mutual trust. They have in total six thousand employees all around the world. The core value of the organization is to focus on health and safety of the employees at the mining sites (Kotler et al., 216). Creating a good will in the market is the prime objective of the company. Customer segments- The main customers of the company include smelters in Australia, Asia and Europe. They also sell their products to the merchants who are in contract with the company (Cummings Worley, 2014). Channels- The distributors of the company transfer the gold to the smelters (Cummings Worley, 2014). Customer relationships- The Company has established a good and healthy relationship with their customers, like the merchants who are in contract with the company (Joyce Paquin, 2016). Cost structure- Cost structure of the company comprises of equipment costs, trucks, drilling tools, tools used for exploration, monitors for monitoring. The salaries and wages of the employees and labors all constitute to the cost structure. Revenue streams- The company generates revenue from the selling the gold products to the merchants and smelters in Asia, Europe and Australia (Joyce Paquin, 2016). The organizational design of the company is divisional, as shown in the figure, each of the seven mines of the company operate as strategic business units, so it can be said that the company has seven strategic business units. Each of the divisions has separate marketing, human resource, operations and finance departments (Armstrong et al., 2015). Marketing management Each of the seven mines of the company are separate profit centers, therefore each of the business units have their own department for marketing management. The company implements marketing strategies based on the country it is operating. The focus of the company is value creation for which the company is continuously focusing on quality that it provides to its customers. For fulfilling the demand of its customers, the company is also focusing on exploration to find new gold reserves. The customers of the company are merchants with whom the company has signed contract. Majority of the production of the company is transferred sold to the smelters in Asia, Australia and Europe (Armstrong et al., 2015). To find new gold reserves that are a complicated task, therefore the company is finding new and innovative ways for explorations. The company for its production efficiency focuses on all the stages of production, spanning, exploration, mining, operation, processing and research and devel opment. Another most important strategy of the business is reduction in costs. Large open pits and underground mining technology is used for mining so that the cost can be controlled. Each of mines ship their transformed ore to gold concentrate to smelters for final refining. Cost reduction and increasing the gold reserves are some of the main strategies used by the company for gaining competitive advantage in the market. The company can apply skimming pricing strategy because the cost involved in the production of the product of the company is too much. In order to cover that cost the company can target the premium clients and apply skimming pricing strategy. The advertising of the gold products can be done in premium magazines. For promotional activities more emphasis should be given to direct marketing and personal selling. Finance management Each of the mines has their own finance department and they handle the financial transactions separately. The working capital of the company comes from the revenue it earns by selling the gold products to the customers and merchants. EMPs strategy is to keep the operational cost minimal so that the company can have a cost benefit. EMP plans to use the capital efficiently in each of its operations and activities (Arnold, 2013). The company operates in five countries and through the sales from all these countries, the company gets a major portion of its revenue. Relation between marketing and finance department Marketing and finance department are very much independent, the finance department maintains the revenue generated by the marketing department. Finance department handles all the expenditure that are required for carrying out the various activities whereas marketing department carries out all the activities that are either directly related to revenue generation like, sales or support sales, like promotional activities. All the four departments are crucial for any business organization but it can be said that marketing and financial departments are backbone of any organization (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013). The main source of revenue in the company is the sales of the gold products to the customers across the world. The revenue generated is further used for various operations and providing wages and salaries to the employees. The finance department keeps an account of all the income and expenditures of the company. It allocates funds for carrying out various activities. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the strategy adopted by the company to capture maximum market share is very effective, because the company is not concentrated to one country rather it is operational in five countries where the company has separate functional departments. The divisional organizational design of the company helps the company to operate easily in each of the seven mines as separate profit centers. The gold reserves of EMP will provide 30 years of production to the company. The focus of the company is long-term value creation, and so EMP focuses on efficiency in each of the phases of its production. The main strategy of the business is reduction in costs and increasing the gold reserves. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Arnold, G. (2013).Corporate financial management. Pearson Higher Ed. Brigham, E. F., Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013).Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Joyce, A., Paquin, R. L. (2016). The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models.Journal of Cleaner Production,135, 1474-1486. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Brady, M., Goodman, M., Hansen, T. (2016).Marketing management. Pearson Education Ltd.. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., Jang, Y. S. (2015).Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning.